Insect Migration and displacement .pptx

This presentation describes the process of insects Migration and discuss various reasons of migration. Also impacts of insects migration is discussed in this ppt.

1. Insect Migration And Displacement Aligarh Muslim university Department of zoology Section: Entomology Presented by: Ahtesham ul Haq Class: M.Sc. Zoology (IV semester) Enrolment no. : GL6155 Faculty no. : 22ZYMLA129

2. Introduction to Insect migration What is Migration ? Movement of Population of insect from one habitat to another, usually based on seasonality. There are several factors behind these insect migrations and have implications in the world of zoology.

3. Why Insects Migrate? Environment influences. migration response to changing seasons, ensuring favorable conditions for survival, reproduction, and feeding. Reproductive Success To find optimal breeding grounds. Increasing the chances of reproductive success. Change in climate Includes the migration of insects respond to changing climate. Eg seasonal migration Population Dynamics and Evolutionary significance Helps in regulating insect population densities, preventing overpopulation in specific areas. Act as an evolutionary strategy that balances short-term benefits with longer-term advantages.

4. Types of Insect Migration Seasonal Variations Migration that occurs with the change of seasons. Monarch butterflies in eastern North America migrate seasonally. Reproductive migration Insects migrate from a breeding area to a feeding area. In the feeding area the females develop mature ovaries and then return to lay their eggs in the place from which they came or a similar region. Eg . cockchafer insect Nomadic migration involves progressive movement away from the home range, but not to a specific alternate location. Locust migration tends to be nomadic. Migration in search of resources without a fixed pattern

5. Control of Migratory Behaviour In Oncopeltus flight behaviour is stimulated by intermediate level of JH JH increases more quickly in insects exposed to long day lengths than short day. At low JH concentration flight behaviour increases At high JH concentration oogenesis occurs and flight behavior come to end

6. Harmones involved in insect Migration.

7. The Phenomenon of Butterfly Migration Monarch Butterfly Migration Every year as it gets colder, North American monarch butterflies migrate south between August and October. Monarchs that spend the summer breeding west of the Rocky Mountains tend to migrate to California coasts, while monarchs breeding further east migrate to Mexico. They Cover up to 3,000 miles from North America to central Mexico. Once spring begins, these butterflies migrate north to start the breeding season all over again.

8. A Long journey for a small insect. The covered areas includes Mexico, the lower 48 states of the US, and southern Canada. The map is colored to show where monarchs are during different times of year. T he southwest is rusty orange to show areas where monarchs breed in spring. Most of the US and reaching into Canada is sandy brown to show where monarch breed in summe r. Central Mexico and coastal areas of California are colored red to show where monarchs overwinter A migrating monarch can fly up to 2,500 or sometimes even 3,000 total miles before reaching its destination. A monarch can travel over 100 miles in a single day with the right conditions. This map shows the migration patterns of the monarch butterfly in North America.

9. The locust inhabit the dry areas of North Central Africa to midlle East Arabia and India Desert locusts form enormous swarms that can consist of millions of individuals Swarms cover extensive distances, moving across continents in search of suitable breeding grounds and food sources. Desert locusts can consume the approximate equivalent of their body mass each day (2g) in green vegetation: leaves, flowers, bark, stems, fruit, and seeds. Migration occur for breeding and food. The Migration of the Desert Locust Schistocerca gregaria

10. Impacts of Desert locust migration In km² Swarm Around 1 billion Locusts present. In India Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab, Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh, Bihar, Haryana and Uttarakhand, are the major States where locust swarns are found. Agricultural Devastation Locust swarms destroy crops, they eat up the plants of crops which affects the agricultural production. Economic Losses Massive crop damage leads to substantial economic losses for farmers, ultimately impacting economy of the particular area. Control Challenges Controlling locust swarms is challenging, requiring coordinated efforts Pesticide use,

11. Navigation and Orientation Visual Landmarks Insects use visual cues like mountains, rivers, or distinctive features to navigate during migration. Celestial Guidance They rely on the sun, moon, or stars to maintain direction, making use of celestial cues for orientation. Magnetic Sensitivity Certain insects possess the ability to sense Earth’s magnetic field, acting like an internal compass for navigation.

12. Challenges During Migration Predator Threats Migrating insects face risks from predators, such as birds and other insects, which can impact their journey. Weather Hazards Adverse weather conditions, including storms and strong winds, pose challenges during migration. Human-Induced Obstacles Urbanization, deforestation, and other human activities disrupt traditional migration routes, affecting insect populations. Climate Change Impact Changes in climate patterns can disrupt established migration routines, affecting the timing and success of journeys.

13. Impact of Insect Migration on Ecosystems Pollination services migrating insects play a crucial role in pollination and reproduction of flowering plant. Natural Pest Control Some migratory insects act as natural predators, controlling pest populations. Biodiversity Support The movement of insects supports biodiversity as it influences the distribution of species increase diversity of species

14. Some well known Migratory insects with pictures ( A) Painted lady butterfly ( Vanessa cardui , order Lepidoptera) migratory in the Thar desert during winters. It is spotted frequently in Jodhpur and Jaisalmer (B) Large cabbage white butterfly ( Pieris brassicae , order Lepidoptera) is known to migrate between Shivalik Hills and the north Indian plains during winter. They have been recorded at altitudes up to 4000 m in Kashmir. (C) Darner dragonfly, ( Anax sp., order Odonata ) is a long-distance migrant that lives in ponds and lakes as nymphs and flies across continents as adults (D) Desert locust ( Schistocerca gregari , order Orthoptera ) is a major pest in north Africa and west Asia.

15. Methods of studying insect Migration 🦋 Tagging Monarch butterfly migration can be studied by using tagging called monarch tag (shown in fig A) This tag is used to discover monarch routes and speed . Tracking Movement paths are usually characterized by video. Insect positions at different intervals can be recorded digitally. Vertical Looking Radar (VLR) Insects those reach heights can be monitored by VLR. (Shown in fig B)

16. Conclusion . Migration is of primary remarkable feature of insects to overcome adverse climatic conditions. Migration also occurs due to unavailability of food sources. Insect migration is regulated by hormones. Detailed Observation is required to clearly understand the cause of migration in insects. Insect migration have it’s positive as well as Negative impacts on ecosystem.

17. References C. Kremen , R. S. Ostfeld , Front. Ecol. Environ. 3, 540 (2005). Evolution of insect migration And Diapause by Haugh Dingle Insect Migration by C B Williams. . E. G. Oliveira, R. B. Srygley , R. Dudley, J. Exp. Biol. 203317 (1998). W. W. Cochran, H. Mouritsen , M. Wikelski , Science 304,405 (2004). Insect migrations. Pdf by Suluguri Ramesh ( https://www.researchgate.net/publication/326224328_insect_migrations ) Ramesh , T., Jahir Hussain, K., Satpathy,K.K and Selvanayagam M. 2012. A Note on Annual Bidirectional Movement of Butterflies of southeastern plains of India Research in zoology. 2.(2):1-6 Holland, R.A., Wikelski , M., and Wilcove , D.S. 2006. How and why do insects migrate?Science . 313: 794–96.Howard,E. and Davis, A.K. 200. Migratory Insects of North America, by Mike Quinn, Texas A&M University, accessed May 7, 2012. For pictures Pinterest

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