Integrated notes by PW for class 12 2035

Science, class 10, class 11, class 12, integrated notes

1. Print Culture and the Modern World Class X – History Ch 5

2. The First Printed Books

3. The First Printed Books – Japan The Buddhist missionaries from China introduced hand-printing technology into Japan around 768 – 770 AD. The Buddhist Diamond Sutra which was printed in 868 AD was the oldest Japanese book. Pictures were printed on textiles, playing cards and paper money. Libraries and bookstores were packed with hand- printed materials of various types like books on women, musical instruments, calculations, tea ceremony, flower arrangements, proper etiquette, cooking and famous places.

4. Print Comes to Europe

5. In 1295, Marco polo, a great explorer returned to Italy after many years of exploration in China. He brought the knowledge of print technology back with him from China.  Thus, printing began in Italy and travelled to other parts of Europe. Vellum was still the preferred material for printing the luxury editions because printed books were considered as cheap vulgarities. Luxury editions were handwritten on very expensive vellum meant for aristocratic people and rich monastic libraries. By the early 15th century, woodblocks were widely used in Europe to print various materials.

6. Vellum fine parchment made originally from the skin of a calf

7. Increase in demand for books As the demand for books increased, the book-sellers of Europe began exporting books to many countries Book fairs were held at different places. Production of handwritten manuscripts was also organized in new ways to meet the expanded demand. Book sellers started employing Scribes. Handwritten manuscripts could not satisfy the ever- increasing demands for books. With increase in demand for books, woodwork printing gradually became more & more popular.

8. The Print Revolution Impact Religious debates

9. The Print revolution & its impact

10.  Religion & Print

11. The reading mania

12. The Reading Mania

13. The Reading Mania

14. Tremble, Therefore, Tyrants of the world Tremble -> Involuntary shaking or movement Tyrants -> Cruel and Oppressive Rulers Books -> Means of spreading progress and enlightenment and liberate the society from despotism and tyranny Louis Sebastien Mercier

15. Print Culture and the French Revolution Print created conditions within which French Revolution occurred

16. Print Culture & French Revolution

17. The Nineteenth Century Children, Women & Workers Further Innovations

18. Further Innovations Power driver cylindrical press by Richard M.Hoe The offset press could print up to six colours at a time Electrically operated press Methods of folding paper, paper quality became better, automatic paper reels and photoelectric controls of the register were introduced Periodical serialized important novels Dust cover or jacket were invented Changes during great depression ->Cheap paperback edition

19. India and the World of Print

20. India and the world of Print Manuscripts were used before the age of print The Portuguese missionaries were the first to bring printing press to Goa in the mid 16th century.  The first books were printed in Konkani language. By 1674, about 50 books had been printed in Konkani and Kanara Languages. Catholic priests printed the first Tamil book in 1579 at Cochin.  They printed the first Malayalam book in 1713 By 1710, Dutch Protestant missionaries had printed 32 Tamil texts, many of them translations of older works. From 1780, James Augustus Hickey began to edit the Bengal Gazette.

21. Religious Reforms & Public Debates

22. Role of the Newspapers:

23. Views of the Muslim Sects:

24. Role of religious text in Debates: Ramcharitmanas of Tulsidas was printed from Calcutta in 1810. From the 1880s, the Naval Kishore Press at Lucknow and the Shri Venkateshwar Press in Bombay published many religious texts in vernaculars

25. New Forms of Publication

26. Women & Print Liberal husbands and fathers began educating their womenfolk at home and sent them to schools. Many journals began carrying writings by women and explained why women should be educated. They also carried a syllabus and attached suitable reading matter which could be used for home-based schooling. Conservative Hindus believed that a literate girl would be widowed, and Muslims feared that educated women would be corrupted by reading Urdu romances . Rashsundari Devi learned in the secrecy of her kitchen and wrote her autobiography Amar Jiban

27. Women & Print A few Bengali women wrote their books highlighting the experiences of