Integrated sssion PW class 10,12,11.pptx

Integrated class for PW by class 10, class 11 and class 12 new 3025

1. Nationalism in India Class 10: History CH 2

2. Meaning of Nationalism Nationalism refers to the feeling of oneness and common consciousness that emerges when people living in a common territory share the same historical, political and cultural back grounds. People may be speaking different languages (as in case of India) but the love for their nation keeps them together. 

3. Reasons for Rise of Nationalism

4. Effect of First World War on India Creation of a new economic and political situation.  Huge increase in defence expenditure financed by war loans.  Increase in taxes, custom duties raised, income tax introduced.  Forced recruitment in army.  Shortage of food due to crop failure.  Influenza epidemic, famine which resulted in the death of 12 to 13 million people.  Interesting fact: The influenza epidemic was very similar to the corona Pandemic in effects as well as preventive measures. 

5. The Idea of Satyagraha 

6. V. ROWLATT ACT 1919

7. VI. A. Jallianwala Bagh Incident  Main Events : Took place on 13 April 1919 in the city of Amritsar.  A large crowd mainly villagers had gathered in the enclosed ground of Jallianwala Bagh to protest against the repressive measures of British govt. like Rowlatt act.  Being from outside the city, villagers were unaware the meeting was illegal as martial law had been imposed.  General Dyer entered the area, blocked the exit points, opened fire on the crowd, killing hundreds. 

8. VI B. Impact of Jallianwala Bagh  Crowds took to the streets in many north Indian towns.  There were strikes, clashes with the police, attacks on government buildings.  British government became more brutal, people were humiliated and terrorised.  Satyagrahis were forced to rub their nose on the ground, crawl on the streets, do salaam (Salute) to all sahibs (British).  People flogged villages in Punjab around Gujranwala were bombed.  Seeing violence spread, Mahatma Gandhi called off the Rowlatt satyagraha movement.

9. VII. Khilafat Issue The word ‘ Khilafat ’ comes from ‘ Khalifa ’ who was the ruler of ottoman Turkey as well as considered as the spiritual head of Islamic world. In the first world war Turkey was a part of defeated central powers. There were rumours that a harsh peace treaty was going to be imposed on the ottoman emperor. So , to defend Khalifa’s position, a khilafat committee was formed in Bombay in March 1919 by Ali brothers . M.K Gandhi wanted to launch an All-India movement after the failure of Rowlatt Satyagraha.  He was certain that no All-India movement could be organised without bringing Hindus and Muslims closer together, so he took up the Khilafat issue .

10. Different strands within the Movement 

11. Towards Civil Disobedience 

12. January 1930—Mahatma Gandhi presented 11 demands before lord Irwin.  These demands were related to different classes—from Industrialists to Peasants.  Most important Demand—Abolition of Salt tax  Lord Irwin was not willing to negotiate.  Beginning of Salt March 1930 6 April 1930—breaking of salt law by manufacturing salt by boiling sea water.  This marked the beginning of civil disobedience movement. The Salt March and the Civil disobedience Movement (1930)

13. Civil Disobedience Movement

14. Limits of Civil disobedience movement  Nonparticipation of Dalits as for long congress had ignored the demands of scheduled castes. Lukewarm (Not very enthusiastic) response of the Muslim political organisations as they felt from the mid 1920’s the congress was coming closer to Hindu Nationalist groups like Hindu Mahasabha.  An atmosphere of suspicion and distrust between two communities. 

15. Sense of Collective Belonging

16. The End