Integumentary system

1. 1
Integumentary System
Skin, Hair and Nails

2. 2
Structure and Function
Skin is the largest organ of the body, and
serves to:
•Protect against injury
•Protect against the sun UV rays
•Prevent entry of harmful microorganisms
•Maintain the proper internal body
temperature
•Excrete waste materials through
perspiration
•Function as a sense organ

3. 3
Three Layers of SkinThree Layers of the Skin
Epidermis
Dermis
Subcutaneous/Hypodermis
Nerves, vessels, glands, hair follicles

4. 4
Epidermal Layer
Epidermal Layer
•Outermost skin layer
•Consists of several
sublayers
•Keratin – protein that
makes skin tough and
waterproof by preventing
fluids et al from passing
through the skin
•Constantly replaced
•Melanin – pigment that gives
skin its color
epidermis

5. 5
Dermal Layer
Dermal Layer
•“True skin”
•Holds many capillaries,
lymph cells, nerve
endings, sebaceous and
sweat glands and hair
follicles
•Touch, temperature and
pain sensation originate
from dermis nerve cells
dermis
•Arrector pili –
cause goosebumps
•Thermoregulation
•Perspiration
•3
rd
degree burns

6. 6
Subcutaneous Layer
Subcutaneous Layer
•Also called the hypodermis
•Found between the dermal layer
and the inner organs
•Consists mostly of fatty tissues
•Fatty tissue protects
inner organs, maintains
body temperature and
stores energy
•Blood vessels and
nerves are present
subcutaneous

7. 7
HairHair
•Grows out of the epidermis to cover parts of the
body.
•The shaft is what we see and the root lies
below the surface of the skin.
Hair color is determined by the presence
of melanin.
Baldness or alopecia may result from
heredity, disease, injury, or
chemotherapy.
- Protect and insulate

8. 8
Nails
Nails
•Nails are plates made
of hard keratin upper
surface of the fingers
and toes.
•Grows throughout life
•At the base of most nails a lunula or whitish
half-moon is an area where keratin and other
cells have mixed with air.
•The cuticle is a narrow band of epidermis that
surrounds the base or bottom of nails.

9. 9
Glands
Glands
•Sebaceous glands secrete sebum outward
toward the surface of the body and are located
almost everywhere on the body.
•Sweat glands maintain normal temperature
through perspiration
Types of sweat glands
Eccrine Apocrine
Produce sweat to cool body
Forehead, palms and soles
Produce sweat of no use
Armpits, genitals

10. 10
Viral Rashes
Symptoms, Abnormalities, and Conditions
rubeola rubella
roseola varicella
Viral Rashes

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Other Conditions
Other Conditions
•Impetigo, a highly contagious skin condition is
caused by staphylococci and characterized by the
presence of pus.
•Ringworm or tinea is caused by fungi, and is
characterized by intense itching or pruritis.
•Common rashes such as diaper rashes are also
caused by fungi known as Candidiasis.

12. 12
Common Fungi
Other Common Fungi
•tinea pedis (athlete’s foot)
•tinea capitis (scalp ringworm)
•tinea barbae (ringworm of the beard)

13. 13
Vascular Conditions
Vascular Conditions
•Ecchymosis
•Petechiae
•Purpura
•Rosacea
Bluish-purple skin mark may be due to
injury.
Tiny pinpoint ecchymosis.
Extensive skin hemorrhages covering a
wide area.
Appears as red blotches on the skin,
especially the nose and cheeks.

14. 14
Skin Conditions Related to
Pigmentation
Skin Conditions Related to Pigmentation
•Leukoderma
•Vitiligo
•Albinism
•Chloasma
Vitiligo

15. 15
Categories of BurnsBurns to the skin may result from exposure to heat,
chemicals, electricity, radiation or other irritants.
Categories of Burns
•First Degree
is superficial, without
blistering, but with
redness and swelling.
•Second Degree
involves the
epidermis and
dermis and
blistering.
•Third Degree
involves complete
destruction of skin
and sometimes
reaches muscle
and bone.

16. 16
Conditions Caused by Insects
Some skin conditions are
caused by insects.
Pediculosis
An inflammation with
lice usually on the
head or genitals.
Scabies
Contagious skin
eruption that often
occurs between
fingers, on areas of
the trunk, or male
genitalia and is
caused by mites.

17. 17
Surgical Terms
Various types of plastic surgery may involve
reconstructing areas of the skin. Other types
involve removing part of a growth to test for
cancer or removing the entire cancerous growth.

18. 18
Apply Your Knowledge Part 2
Which of the following patients would
experience the most pain following their burn
injury?
Patient A accidentally spilled hot grease on his
his right hand and arm resulting in first and
second degree burns to the entire area.
-OR-
Patient B was in his home when his kerosene
heater fell on his left lower leg causing complete
third degree burns to the area.
Answer: Patient A