Internationalization of higher education

Internationalization of higher education

1. Internationalization of higher education: time to reflect, re-think & re-focus Dr. Shimaa M. Saied Lecturer of Public health - Tanta Faculty Of Medicine Instruction & Supervision of Prof. Abdel-Rahim Shoulah Professor of Public health – Benha University

2. Content Definition internationalization Internationalization Vs. Globalization Significance of internationalization Benefits of internationalization Types of internationalization Constraints and barriers Risks and challenges Indicators Situation in Egypt Recommendations

3. Worldwide, internationalization is becoming a new trend in the higher education context representing an issue of concern of HE institutions especially of the last two decades.

4. “ The intentional process of integrating an international, intercultural or global dimension into the purpose , functions and delivery of post-secondary education, in order to enhance the quality of education and research for all students and staff and to make a meaningful contribution to society ” (De Wit et al., 2019) Updated definition of internationalization Definition Internationalization Vs. Globalization Significance Benefits Types Indicators Challenges Barriers

5. “ The flow of technology , economy , knowledge , people , goods, services, and capital across borders ”. (Knight & De Wit, 2012) The internationalization of HE is considered a result or a response to globalization. Globalization Definition Internationalization Vs. Globalization Significance Benefits Types Indicators Challenges Barriers

6. The fourth industrial revolution Requires much more interdisciplinary education and innovation

7. To increase the institution`s capacity to build new knowledge and rise professionalism & global citizenship . G lobal citizen knows about the world, understands appreciate diversity; realizes how economic, political, social, cultural, technological and environmental differences work. Significance Definition Internationalization Vs. Globalization Significance Benefits Types Indicators Challenges Barriers

8. Increase students` international & global awareness Improve quality of teaching and learning Enhance international cooperation, networking and capacity-building Strengthen institutional research and knowledge production Enhance prestige/profile for the institution Increase opportunity to compare institutional performance with the international good practice Definition Internationalization Vs. Globalization Significance Benefits Types Indicators Challenges Barriers

9. Definition Internationalization Vs. Globalization Significance Benefits Types Indicators Challenges Barriers

10. Internationalization at home Def.: " The purposeful integration of international and intercultural dimensions into the formal and informal curriculum for all students within domestic learning environments" ( Beelen & Jones, 2015) .

11. 1. Foreign language study 2. Information communication technologies ( ICT ) 3. International Organizations 4. Transportation 5. Global trade in education services 6. Schooling strategies and context Factors Affecting Internationalization

12. Context is : global, regional, national and local Internationalization contexts

13. Two main indicators are often used, one for research (international publications and citations) The other is for education (proportion of international students and staff & partnership/cooperation). The most important use for indicators is ranking . Indicators for internationalization Definition Internationalization Vs. Globalization Significance Benefits Types Indicators Challenges Barriers

14. Connects cultures , the global and local contexts . Context analysis is essential for both strategy development and assessment of strategies. It is not a goal in itself , but a means to enhance quality of institution, its programs, students and staff Greater international student diversity is more important than increased international student recruitment Reflecting- re-thinking and re-focusing on HE internationalization

15. Internationalization models has been shifted from cooperation to competition Model must become more inclusive and less elitist No universal model which is good for all institutions There should be integration of institutional, national and supranational policies   More alignment o HE internationalization with other education levels (primary, secondary, vocational) is needed. Reflecting- re-thinking and re-focusing on HE internationalization

16. Internationalization is meaningful only if it brings an added value. Unsuccessful institutions may fail due to: - Focusing on single aspect , - “ Buying” ready-made models , - Obsessing with rankings , - Addressing all the tools at once , Reflecting- re-thinking and re-focusing on HE internationalization

17. Increased commercialization and competition Rising numbers ( challenge of quantity versus quality ) Lack of supportive educational policy Limitation of digital education delivery Mismatch between academic quality and recognition “ Brain drain " phenomenon Insufficient data regarding internationalization Risks and challenges of internationalization Definition Internationalization Vs. Globalization Significance Benefits Types Indicators Challenges Barriers

18. Lack of adequate financial & funding resources Lack of explicit and consistent internationalization strategies Limited experience of faculty staff Visa restrictions Difficulties in recognition of qualifications Domination of western models Insufficient foreign language learning provision Barriers to internationalization Definition Internationalization Vs. Globalization Significance Benefits Types Challenges Barriers Indicators

19. During the previous decade internationalization has acted as the central driver for reform in higher education in Egypt. Private universities built on foreign models Internationalization of higher education in Egypt

20. SDG 4 ensures inclusive and equitable quality education and promotes life-long learning opportunities for all. Pillars of the Sustainable Development Strategy “ Education and Training ” pillar is one of four target aspects under the social dimension .

21. 2019 " the year of education in Egypt "

22. The Ministry of Higher Education prepared The Government’s Strategy to Develop Higher Education in Egypt 2015 –2030 Aspects: Quality, Equity, External Efficiency, Financing, Scientific Research and Innovation, Internationalization , Internal Efficiency and Management and Governance.

23. Access Quality Competitive Internationalization 4 Education available to all citizens, without discrimination Quality improvement within international context Improvement of competitive education outcomes Branches of international universities Ministry of high education strategy

24. Branch campuses

25. Enhancement of International Ranking of Egyptian Universities

26. Expanding technical and vocational education and training ( TVET ) Establishing New colleges of technology and smart universities .

27. The Higher Education Ministry held the 1 st international forum entitled " Global Forum for Higher Education and Scientific Research " from 4 to 6 April 2019 at the New Administrative Capital.

28. The forum focused on: Maximizing investment in higher education and scientific research Directing scientific research to assist SDGs and economy. Curricula modernization The internationalization of higher education and intercultural dialogue The significance of global educational classifications and academic rankings Exchanging international experiences in the fields of education , scientific research , and innovation .

29. Recommendations Enhancement of the international exch anges among students and staff Strengthening language skills and cross-border communications Implementation of HE system reform from a global perspective. Curriculum internationalization and use of international teaching materials and ICT as e-learning . Increase the partnerships , and networks , agreements and worldwide cooperation in education and research. Overcoming financial , administrative and funding constraints.