Internet of Things (IoT) in smart city.pdf

i want this ppt for smart city iot class because there side many chapter so please provide me this pdf

1. Internet of Things for Libraries
Dr. ParveenBabbar
Deputy Librarian, JNU
Email: [email protected]

2. Internet of Things (IoT)
•InternetofThingsisasystemofinterrelatedcomputingdevicesorobjectswhich
havetheabilitytotransferthedataoveranetworkwithoutrequiringanyhumanto
humanorhumantocomputerinteractionuniquelyaddressable,basedonstandard
communicationprotocol.
•Itisagiantnetworkofconnectedthings,capturingthedataaboutthewaytheyare
usedandtheenvironmentaroundthem.
•Whenwespeakaboutthe“Things”inIoT,theseareobjectsnotprecisely
identifiable.
•Thesensorsareusedinthedevicesandobjectsandthesefeedthedatatovarious
IoTplatforms.
•Further,IoTplatformsareusedtogatherthepinpointedinformation,detect
patterns.
•Thus,withtheaboveprocesstheIoThelpstheorganizationsandinstitutionsin
reducingthecostthroughimprovedprocessesefficiency,assetutilizationand
productivity.
Source:IBM,WhatistheInternetofThings?https://www.ibm.com/blogs/internet-of-things/what-is-the-iot/

3. Different Names of IoT
•Internet of Everything
•Smarter Planet
•Machine to Machine (M2M)
•The Fog
•Tsensors (Trillion Sensors)
•The Industrial Internet
•Industry 4.0
•Internet of Things (IoT)

4. Reasons of IoT
Datadeluge:Theexplosionoftheamountofdatacollectedandexchangedisoneofthemajor
reasonwhyIoTcameinexistence.Forecastsindicatethatintheyear2015morethan220Exabytes
ofdataarestored.Soweneednovelmechanismstofind,fetch,andtransmitdata.
Thereisdecreaseinenergyrequiredtooperateintelligentdevices.Thesearchwillbeforazero
levelofentropywherethedeviceorsystemwillhavetoharvestitsownenergy.
Miniaturizationofdevices:thedevicesarebecomingincreasinglysmaller.
Autonomicmanagement:thedevices/systemsoffuturewillhaveself-management,self-healing,
andself-configurationcapabilities.
IPv6asanintegrationlayer:allowstoexploitthepotentialofIPv6andrelatedstandards.
Source: Tata Consultancy Services. http://gisfi.org/pdf/june_21_23_10/Internet_of_Things.ppt

5. Internet of Things Enablers
•Energy
•Intelligence
•Communication
•Integration
•Interoperability
•Standards
Source: Tata Consultancy Services. http://gisfi.org/pdf/june_21_23_10/Internet_of_Things.ppt
ImageSource:TheInternetofThings,2012,NewHorizons,Editedby:IanGSmith,
TechnicalEditors:OvidiuVermesanPeterFriessAnthonyFurnesshttp://www.internet-of-
things-research.eu/pdf/IERC_Cluster_Book_2012_WEB.pdf

6. IoT
•Internet for Devices
•Internet for M2M communication
•Internet for Non Human

7. Threat vs. Opportunity
•Ifmisunderstoodandmisconfigured,IoTposesrisk
toourdata,privacy,andsafety.
•Ifunderstoodandsecured,IoTwillenhance
communications,lifestyle,anddeliveryofservices.

8. How are the networks changing?
•Extensions
–More nodes, more connections
–Any TIME, Any PLACE +Any THING
–M2M, IoT
•Billions of interconnected devices,
•Everybody is connected.
•Expansions
–Broadband
–LTE, 5G
•Enhancements
–Smart networks
–Data-centric and content-oriented networking
–Context-aware (autonomous) systems
Source: University of Surrey. IoT,
http://personal.ee.surrey.ac.uk/Personal/P.Barnaghi/teaching/EEEM048/2015/EEEM048_Lecture1_Introduction.ppt

9. Technology Trend
Re -Source: university of Surrey. IoT,
http://personal.ee.surrey.ac.uk/Personal/P.Barnaghi/teaching/EEEM048/2015/EEEM048_Lecture1_Introduction.ppt

10. Architectural Trends
•ThefollowingissuesareimportantforIoTstandardization
DesigningWebServices
DesigningMessagingServices
DesigningCommonDataExchangeFormats
UsingInternetProtocolLayersoranIPproxylayer
•Thearchitecturalframeworkneedstoincorporateallthedesiredaspectssuchas
scalability,flexibility,adaptabilityetc.
•Thecomponents,andinterfacesforvariousbuildingblockssuchasdeviceinterfaces,
dataformats,networkingstandardsandprotocols,serviceplatformsandapplication
interfacesaretobedefinedinIoTstandards.
Source: Tata Consultancy Services. http://gisfi.org/pdf/june_21_23_10/Internet_of_Things.ppt

11. Data Lifecycle
Source: The IET Technical Report, Digital Technology Adoption in the Smart Built Environment: Challenges and opportunities of data driven systems for building,
community and city-scale applications,
http://www.theiet.org/sectors/built-environment/resources/digital-technology.cfm
Stage-1 Data Collection
Context-metadata,ID,
location,time
Validation–format,
range,source
Verification–accuracy,
consistency,integrity
Stage-2 Data Analytics
Compute-Store,index,
aggregate,structure
Correlate-benchmark,
profile,informeddecision
Compliance- quality,
control,governance,
skills/competence
Stage-3 Data Use/
Reuse
Ownuse/sharing–
trust,access,value
Action- interface,
visualization,
application
Secondary use-
risks/precaution,
rights/licenses
Interaction/ Feedback/ Control

12. •Sensors:
–They are mainly input components
–They sense and collect surrounding information
–Basically three types:
•Passive, omnidirectional (e.g. mic)
•Passive, narrow-beam sensor (e.g. PIR)
•Active sensors (e.g. sonar, radar, etc.)
•Actuators:
–They are mainly output components
–They alter the surrounding.
–Some examples:
•Adding lighting, heat, sound, etc.
•Controlling motors to move objects
•Displaying messages
•and others…
Sensors & Actuators

13. •We can turn almost every object into a “thing”.
•A “thing” still looks much like an embedded system currently.
•A “thing” generally consists of four main parts:
–Sensors & actuators
–Microcontroller
–Communication unit
–Power supply
•A “thing” has the following properties:
–It’s usually powered by battery. This implies limited source of energy.
–It’s generally small in size and low in cost. This limits their computing capability.
–It doesn’t usually perform complicated tasks.
•Power consumption is the main design issue.
Things

14. •A“thing”alwaysfeaturecommunicationsfor“teamworking”
•TheRoleofCommunications
–Providingadatalinkbetweentwonodes
•Communicationtype:
–Wireline(e.g.copperwires,opticalfibers)
–Wireless(e.g.RF,IR).RF-basedcommunicationisthemostpopular
choice(andalsoourfocus)
•PopularRF-basedcommunicationsolutions:
–IEEE802.15.4
–IEEE802.11(orWi-Fi)
–Bluetooth
–NearFieldCommunication(NFC),e.g.RFID
Communications

15. •The Roles of Networks
–Managingnodes(discovery,join,leave,etc).
–Relayingdatapacketsfromthesourcetothedestinationnodeinthenetwork.
•Networksareadistributedsystem.Allnodesneedtoperformnetworking
relatedtasks.
•RF-basedNetworkinIoTisusuallyaWirelessMulti-hopNetwork.
–WirelessSensorNetworks
–MobileWirelessAdhocNetworks
–WirelessMeshNetworks
–VehicularAdHocNetworks
–andmanyothers...
•Mainconcern:Reliability&Performance
Networks

16. •The Internet serves as a wide area networking for
a local network.
•The Internet uses TCP/IP. This implies that things
must also support TCP/IP.
•Gateway (or sink)
The Internet
The Internet
Gateway
Data link
Network

17. IoT Protocol Stacks
Source: LOGANATHAN V, Welcome to the Workshop on IoT & Cloud Computing the Coexistence . Available at
https://slideplayer.com/slide/13103760/and http://www.ismuniv.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/coexistance.ppt
IoT Stack Web Stack
TCP/IP ModelIoT Applications and Device
Management
Web Applications
Data Format Binary, JSON, CBOR HTML, XML, JSON
Application
Layer
CoAP, MQTT, XMPP,AMQP HTTP, DHCP, DNS, TLS/SSL
Transport Layer UDP, DTLS TCP, UCP
Internet Layer IPv6/IP Routing and
6LoWPAN
IPv6, IPv4, IPSec
Network LayerIEEE 802.15.4 MAC, IEEE
802.15.4 PHY/ Physical Radio
Ethernet (IEEE 802.3), DSL, ISDN,
Wireless LAN (IEEE 802.11), Wi-Fi

18. Protocol Stack
Network (IP)
IEEE 802.15.4
PHY/MAC
TCP/UDP
Application
Network (IP)
IEEE 802.15.4
PHY/MAC
TCP/UDP
Application
IEEE 802.15.4
PHY/MAC
Network (IP)
IEEE 802.3
(Ethernet)
Network (IP)
IEEE 802.3
(Ethernet)
TCP/UDP
Application
Wireless
Medium
The
Internet
Thing Thing
Gateway
Server

19. Enabling Technologies: Wireless technologies
Latency ~2.5 ms ~20 ms
Peak Current ~ 12.5 mA ~ 40 mA
Data Rate ~305 kbps ~100 kbps
Power Efficiency ~0.153 μW/bit ~185.9 μW/bit
Range 280 m 100 m
Network Topology Star Network Mesh Network
Source: http://ftp.onem2m.org/Meetings/TP/2015%20meetings/20150720_TP18_Philadelphia/TP-2015-0764-ITU-T_presentation_to_oneM2M_SC27.PPT

20. System Models and Applications of IoT
Applications:SmartCities,SmartHomes,SmartLibraries,
Healthcare,SmartGrid
Physical-Cyber-SocialSystems
Machine-to-machinecommunications
SystemModelsandStandards

21. IoT Architecture
•“Physical” components / capabilities
–Sensors / Actuators
–Compute, store, communicate data
•Additional “logical” Components
–Security and dependability composition
–Time bound composition
–Cross-ownership service composition
–Policy negotiation and governance
–Federated orchestration
•Objectives
–Predictable scalability, stability, correctness, time-to-complete
Source: Rudra Datta, NCSU . Available at http://dutta.csc.ncsu.edu/iot_spring17/wrap/architecture.ppt

22. IoT Threats
•Default, weak, and hardcoded credentials
•Firmware and OS are difficult to update
•Lack of vendor support for repairing vulnerabilities
•Web interface vulnerability
•Open ports can be vulnerable
•Error in Coding
•Distributed Denial-of-Service
•Physical theft and tampering
Source:ChristopherGiles,GovernanceRiskComplianceSpecialist,TheInternetofThings(IoT)SecurityConsiderations
forHigherEducation.https://www.utdallas.edu/infosecurity/files/IoT-by-UT-Dallas-022416.pptx

23. IoT Data-Challenges
•Multi-modal and diverse
•Noisy and unfinished
•Dependent on Time and Location
•Dynamic and varies in quality
•Crowed sourced data can be unreliable
•Requires real-time analysis
•Privacy and security
•Data can be biased

24. IoT Governance, Privacy and Security
Challenges
•The IoT’s diversity in devices, services and protocols, present challenges unseen and
unprecedented in the modern communication
•Governance and Privacy Concerns
•Security Challenges
•Autonomy
•Computational Constraints
•Discovery
•Trust Relationships
•It does not have any international compatibility standard.
•It can be highly complex resulting in failure.
•Reduced safety for users.
•InternetofThingsdevicemaytakecontroloflifeinduecourseoftimewith
increasingAItechnology.
Source: Kizza , Chapter 24: Internet of Things (IoT): Growth, Challenges and Security: Guide to Computer Network Security
https://www.utc.edu/faculty/joseph-kizza/docs/guide4notes/chapter24.ppt

25. IoT in Libraries
•Data of Social Media used in Libraries
•E-platformslikee-resourcessubscriptionsusedbytheusers
•Devicesusedbytheuserslikelaptops,tablets,smartphones,scanners,printers
etc.
•Librarygatecanbeenabledwithhigh-endsensorsandareprovidersofIoT
•IoT,onlineconnectivitytothemembershipcounters
•CataloguesandOPACsarethepotentialIoTsforthelibraries
•FiredetectionandpreventiondevicesarealsopotentialIoTsofthelibraries
•MobileAppsandMobileReferencingarebasedonIoTs
•TrackingmovementofResourcesandInventoryinLibraries
•AssistiveTechnologiesusedinLibraries
•VirtualandDigitalLibrariesarebasedonIoTs

26. Potential Areas of IoT in Libraries
•Library automation software –LMS
•Library management tools –all the applications
•Digitisation technology –digital libraries and virtual platforms
•Tools for search-Discovery and Federated Search provided
•Access to e-resources and publisher content
•Preservation and Digitization platforms
•Internet and Wi-Fi of Libraries
•Library websites and other electronic marketing tools, including social
media
•Mobile Applications used by Libraries
•Other digital means of communications like SMS, emails etc
Source: Bansal, Alka; Arora, Dipti; and Suri, Alka, "Internet of Things: Beginning of New Era for Libraries" (2018). Library
Philosophy and Practice (e-journal). 2081. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac/2081

27. Conclusion
•LibrariesarenowusingMagicMirrorconsistingofcamera,sensorwithWi-Fi
enabledprovidesinteractionbetweenpeopleandcomputerstorecordthedataofthe
users
•PressurepadsensorconsistingofathinsheetsensorpadenabledwithWi-Fi
technologyisconnectedtoprocessingunitwhichrecordsandcontrolsthesystems
andusersactivities.
•CloudbasedapplicationsarealsousedbythelibrarieswhichareattachedtoIoT
apps
•Mobileappsarenowusedtohavethevirtualtourofthelibraryontheirmobile
devicesthuscanbebasedonIoT
•Onlinemobileappsareusedtokeepandtracktheavailabilityofthebookonthe
respectiveshelvesorchecktheotherresourceavailabilitydespitethelocation
wherevertheyare.ThesearealsoconnectedtoIoTstoprovidethedata.
•Smartbooks,gaming,augmentedreality,andobject-basedlearningarehave
potentialforIoTsinLibraries.
Source: Ashwini Nag1 and Dr. Khaiser Nikam. Internet Of Things Applications In Academic Libraries. International Journal of
Information Technology and Library Science. ISSN 2349-235X Volume 5, Number 1 (2016), pp. 1-7.
https://www.ripublication.com/ijitls16/ijitlsv5n1_01.pdf

28. THANK YOU