INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS

IPRs in Nursing Eduation

1. Interpersonal relationships ( ipr ) LECTURER: SUDESHNA BANERJEE DUTTA SHRI R.S.V.M B.SC NURSING COLLEGE

2. Interpersonal relationships Interpersonal relationships refer to social & emotional interactions between two or more individuals in an environment. Interpersonal relationship is defined as a close association between individuals who share common interests & goals.

3. dyad A dyad consists of two interacting people. It is the simplest interpersonal dynamics. One person relays a message & the other listen. It is one of the most unstable. The interaction ends when one constituent of the dyad refuses to listen or share his or her message.

4. Triad A triad consists of three interaction people. The members engage in & reception of thoughts & ideas. It is more stable than the dyad as the third members may act as a mediator when there is conflict between the other two.

5. Group A group consists of more than three members & is a collection of triads & dyads. It is the most stable from of interpersonal relationship.

6. Interpersonal relationship for an Individual Personal growth & development: A good IPR actively and continuously facilitates personal growth & development of people y sharing experiences in life.

7. Source of enjoyment: It helps people to relax, share thoughts and even maximizes the fun. Sense of security : IPR helps in boosting an individual’s self-esteem & sense of security during relationship with others.

8. Interpersonal needs : An IPR helps individuals in expressing and meeting the interpersonal needs.

9. Interpersonal relationship for nurses Building a positive functional multidisciplinary team. Improving intra(within group) & inter(different groups) team communication, coordination & cooperation Building mutual understanding & cooperation Understanding self Improved decision making & problem solving

10. Interpersonal relationship for patients Developing a sense of security & comfort : Good IPR help patients and their families to develop a sense of non-threatening feelings in hospitals and also develops a sense of security & comfort.

11. Fostering trust & cooperation : Trust is a key factor in personal, social & professional relationship. Trust plays an important role in seeking co-operation of patients and their families.

12. Facilitating communication : Good IPR helps patient to express their feelings, any distress, disappointment. Improving socialization : IPR act as a tool to improve the social relation between patients admitted in hospitals.

13. IPR based on relational contexts Some common types of interpersonal relation are: Friendship Family & kinship Professional relationship Marriage Acquaintances

14. Friendship Friendship is a relationship with no formalities & the individuals enjoy each other’s presence.

15. Family and kinship Individuals related by blood or marriage are said to form a family. Family communication patterns establish roles & identify & enable personal & social growth of individuals.

16. Professional Relationship Individual working for the same organization are said to share a professional relationship & are called colleagues. Colleagues may or may not like each other

17. Marriage Marriage is a formalize intimate relationship or a long-term relationship where two individuals decide to enter into wedlock & stay together life-long after knowing each other well.

18. Acquaintances An acquaintance is a relationship where someone is simply known to someone by introduction or by a few interaction. There is an absence of close relationship & the individuals lack in-depth personal information about other. This could also be a beginning of a future close relationship.

19. ORIENTATION PHASE Start with an initial introduction with nurse & patient The nurse clarifies his or her roles & responsibilities to the patient. The Nurse identifies the patient’s problem & settles on the type of nursing care needed.

20. ORIENTATION PHASE CONT… After developing a trustworthy relationship, the patients start clarifying doubts, share perceptions & convey their needs & expectation to the nurse.

21. IDENTIFICATION PHASE The nurse must avoid vagueness & ambiguity by using specific medical terminology. The nurse helps the patients to identify their problems & use the available resources to solve the problem. The patient’s self esteem will be boosted by having feelings of belongingness.

22. Exploitation phase The nurse can help the patient by extending minimal professional assistance to learn how to solve the problem. The patient starts exploitation all the available resources in spite of making requests to others to extend help. Finally the patient is able to deal adequately with his or her problems

23. Resolution phase This is the termination of the professional relationship The patient’s needs have already been met by the collaborative efforts of the patient & the nurse in previous phases. The relationship must be terminated by maintaining a healthier emotional balance by both the parties.

24. PERSONAL BARRIERS:

25. Gender: In IPR, gender must be given due consideration. Lack of honesty & trust : Honesty & trust must be maintained while establishing & building IPRs. Lack of respect: A mutual senses of respect must be ensured by the people involved in personal & professional relationships

26. Lack of flexibility: There must be flexibility of the individuals in a relationship for an effective adaptation & success of the IPR. Distorted self concept: Individuals involved in IPRs must have a sound self concept & positive self-esteem. Ineffective communication : Effective communication is a key aspect of efficient IPRs, therefore, effective communication must be ensure.

27. Feeling of insecurity: A sense of security must be ensured between the people involved in an IPRs. Lack of compatibility: Compatibility between the individual involved in IPR must be ensured. Fear of rejection: Fear of rejection must be eliminated between the individual involved in a relationship

28. Pre-existing psychiatric problem: Skilled therapeutic communication is required to interact with individuals suffers from psychiatric or personality problems.

29. Cultural diversity: Culture plays an important role in the development of IPRs as cultural norms, ideas and customs which provide the basis for our way of thinking. Ethnic diversity: People with ethnic diversity have different values, attitude and beliefs that can influence the development of an IPR.

30. Social diversity: People from a high-status often convey their power with gestures. Language diversity: Different languages are used in different regions of the world. Language plays an important role in IPRs. e.g. Individuals with different language ability may fail to establish a strong IPR.

31. Situational barriers Complex interaction setting: The individuals must try to make the interaction setting simple & familiar & must make the other person feel important. Adverse environmental situations : Bad environmental situations always play a crucial role in blocking IPRs. e.g. Network issue during phone call or video call.

32. Lack of territoriality: Territory means ‘own area’. All individuals claim to certain areas as their own & feel safer in their own area. Lack of territoriality leads to distortion of IPRs. High density of individuals: Density refers to the number of people within a given environmental space. Prolonged exposure to such situations lead to certain behaviors such as, aggression, stress. These behaviors can stop a person from building effective IPRs.

33. Lack of time: Time plays an important role in relationships. Every relation needs time and individual’s effort to grow. Frustrations arise when people don’t have time to meet or interact with each other.

34. Methods/ strategies to overcome barriers in ipr Methods to overcome Personal barriers :- Honesty & trust must be maintained Individuals involved in IPR must try to adapt according to other’s background & try to be flexible. Effective communication & clarity of thoughts is essential in IPRs.

35. Individuals involved in an IPR must have a sound self-concept & positive self esteem. A mutual sense of respect must be ensured by the people involved in a personal and professional relationship. Skilled therapeutic communication is required to interact with individuals suffering from psychiatric problems.

36. Methods to overcome Situational barriers :- The interaction setting should be simple and familiar to the individuals. Even in organizations, individuals must spend quality time with their co-workers to strengthen the bond.

37. Methods to overcome barriers :- Individuals should try to adapt the social variations. Enhance communication skills such as maintaining eye contact, listening with patience etc.

38. JOHARI WINDOW The Johari window model was devised by American psychologist, Joseph Luft & Harry Ingham, in 1955. The model is a simple & useful tool for improving self-awareness & mutual understanding between individuals within a group. The terminology refers to “ self & others ”. Self refers to the person & others refers to other people in the person’s group or team.

39. THE OPEN OR PUBLIC SELF Represents the part of the self that is public; that is, characteristics of the self about which both the individual & others are aware.

40. The BLIND self Represents the part of the self that is known to others but remains hidden from the awareness of the individual.

41. THE PRIVATE/HIDDEN SELF Represents the part of the self that is known to the individual, but which the individual purposefully hide from others because of some personal reasons.

42. THE UNKNOWN SELF Represent the part of the self that is unknown to both; the individual & to others.

43. FUNCTIONS OF JOHARI WINDOW It puts importance on behavior, empathy, co-operation, inter-group development & interpersonal development. It can also be used to improve an individual’s relationship with others or a group’s relationship with other groups

44. CONT… The model is a simple & useful tool for improving self-awareness & mutual understanding between individuals in a group. The model can also be used to assess & improve a group’s relationship with other groups.