INTRODUCTION AND HISTORY TO GENETICS.pptx

The powerpoint presentation includes the beginning of genetics, the application of genetics, and its scopes.

1. GENETICS Ms. S.M. Q. Fidel BIO59-GENETICS Cagayan State University – Carig Campus

2. DEFINITION OF GENETICS THE BEGINNINGS OF GENETICS SCOPE OF GENETICS APPLICATION OF GENETICS TOPICS & OBJECTIVES

3. The study in Biology of how the characteristics of living things are passed through the genes from parents. Study of heredity and how qualities and characteristics are passed on from one generation to another by means of genes The science of genes, heredity and variation in living organisms The branch of biology that deals with heredity, especially the mechanisms of heredity traits among similar or related organisms

4. THE BEGINNING OF GENETICS c. 460-c.375 BCE Hippocrates 17 th & 18 th Century Jean – Baptiste Lamarck 18 th Century William Bateson 384-322 BCE Aristotle 19 th Century Gregor Mendel

5. THE BEGINNING OF GENETICS Discoverer of Mendels work and who became a champion of Mendel’s principles of inheritance “GENETICS” Emphasized that blood supplied generative material for building all parts of the adult body. Blood was the basis for passing on this generative power to the next generation . BLOOD All organs of the body of a parent gave off invincible “seed”. Reassembling themselves in the mother wombs to form a baby. PANGENESIS “the inheritance of acquired characters” not as an explanation for heredity but a model for evolution. EVOLUTION Hippocrates Aristotle Jean – Baptiste Lamarck William Bateson

6. He is an Austrian monk He cultivated and tested some 28,000 pea plants Studied the inheritance of traits in pea plants Discovered the fundamental LAW OF INHERITANCE Year 1865, he published his results

7. Mendel stated that physical traits are inherited as “particles” GREGOR MENDEL 19 TH Century

8. Mendel's Pea Plant Experiment STUDY THE REPRODUCTION OF FLOWERING PLANTS MENDEL’S EXPERIMENTAL METHODS -hand pollinate -snip the stamen HOE MENDEL BEGAN -Mendel produced Pure Strains by allowing the plants to self-pollinate OBSERVATION -Seven pea plant traits WHY PEAS, Pisum sativum ? -can be grown in small area -produce lots of offspring -produced pure plants when allowed to self – pollinate -can be artificially cross- polinate 01 02 03 04 05

9. SEVEN PEA PLANT TRAITS

10. SCOPE OF GENETICS 03 02 01 TRANSMISSION GENETICS MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL GENETICS POPULATION AND BIOMETRICAL GENETICS 3 major fields of Genetics

11. SCOPE OF GENETICS TRANSMISSION GENETICS. MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL GENETICS POPULATION AND BIOMETRICAL GENETICS Study of the chemical nature of genes Central dogma Gene regulation Study of the behavior and effects of genes in population, often using mathematical models -Basic principles of genetics -transmission of genetic material from one generation to the other CLASSICAL GENETICS

12. APPLICATION OF GENETICS AGRICULTURE MEDICINE GENETIC FINGERPRINTING INDUSTRIES HUMAN ENVIRONMENT

13. - Selective breeding; cross – breeding of two parents, each with some good traits, to produce offspring with the good traits both parents AGRICULTURE APPLICATION OF GENETICS

14. Accurate diagnosis of diseases Preventing use of medicine or disease prevention Inherited drug sensitivities Chromosomal abnormalities Production of vaccines, antibiotics, vitamins, insulin Gene therapy MEDICINE APPLICATION OF GENETICS

15. Legal Crimes (forensic science) GENETIC FINGERPRINTING APPLICATION OF GENETICS

16. Provide some synthetically produced raw materials for industries INDUSTRIES Pharmaceutical industry has developed strains of moulds, bacteria and other microorganisms high in antibiotic yields. APPLICATION OF GENETICS

17. Possibility of making children with only desirable traits Babies who have deficiency could be treated with additions being done to their genetic structure Increasing life span HUMANS APPLICATION OF GENETICS

18. Protection valuable wild populations (genetic monitoring using genetic markers) thus probably solving problems causing reduction of population ENVIRONMENT APPLICATION OF GENETICS

19. EVERY DAY IS A GOOD DAY. There is something to learn, care and celebrate . -AMIT ARAT-