Introduction of horticulture. fundamental horticulture , b,sc agriculture

this document for first semester b.sc agriculture introductory part

1. HORT 1.1 Fundamentals of Horticulture Dr. Ronak Mangroliya Assistant Professor Department of Horticulture College of Agriculture Parul University, Vadodara

2. HORTICULTURE The word is derived from the Latin words; hortus and colere meaning garden and to cultivate respectively. Thus, Horticulture is a part of plant agriculture which is concerned with cultivation of “garden crops”. Thus, Horticulture is a part of plant agriculture which is concerned with cultivation of “garden crops”. Garden crops traditionally include fruits, vegetables, ornamental plants, spices , plantation crops, medicinal and aromatic plants, etc.

3. The cultivation of garden plant is contrast to the cultivation of field crops which is practiced in an intensive manner.

4. BRANCHES OF HORTICULTURE Horticulture is a wide field and includes a great variety and diversity of crops. The science of horticulture can be divided into several branches depending upon the crops it deals with. The following are the branches of horticulture. Pomology : The term pomology is derived from the Latin word ponum meaning ‘fruits’ and the Greek word logy meaning ‘science’. Thus, pomology is the science of production of fruit crops. Tropical fruits, Sub tropical fruits and temperate fruits

5. Olericulture : The term olericulture is originated from Latin word ‘ Oleris ’ meaning pot herb and the English word culture meaning raising of plants. Thus, olericulture is the science of vegetable crops. Vegetable is a general term for any vegetable matter coming from vegetable kingdom. Important vegetables grown in India are onion, tomato, potato, brinjal , peas, beans, okra, chilli , cabbage, cauliflower, bottle gourd, cucumber, watermelon, carrot, radish etc.

6. Floriculture/Landscape gardening: Floriculture is the science of flower production. Landscape is the appearance of land as it appears to the eye. Landscape gardening is the art of beautifying a piece of land using garden design, methods and plant materials.

7. It is derived from two words i.e. Florus meaning flower and Cultra meaning cultivation. So floriculture means study of flower crops. In this there are again two sub-divisions. Commercial floriculture : Deals with the cultivation of flower crops grown on commercial scale for profit ( Income). E.g.: Rose, Jasmine, Carnation, Aster, and Marigold etc.

8. Plantation crops: Plantation crops are those crops, which are cultivated in an extensive scale in large contiguous areas, owned and managed by an individual or a company and whose produce is utilized only after processingRefers to cultivation of crops like coconut, arecanut , rubber, coffee, tea etc .

9. Spices and condiments: This branch deals with the cultivation of crops whose produce is used mainly for seasoning and flavouring dishes. Both spices and condiments contain essential oils, which provide aroma, flavour and taste and they are of little nutritive value. Spices: Are those plants the products of which are made use of as food adjuncts to add aroma and flavour . Eg . Pepper, Cardamom, Clove, Cinnamon, All spice etc. chillies , Onion, Garlic etc

10. Condiments: Are those plants the products of which are made use of as food adjuncts to add taste only. Eg.Turmeric,Ginger , Red chillie

11. Medicinal and aromatic plants : It deals with the cultivation of medicinal plants, which provide drugs and aromatic crops which yields aromatic (essential) oils . Medicinal plants- are those plants, which are rich in secondary metabolites and are potential sources of drugs. The secondary metabolites include alkaloids, glycosides, coumarins , flavonoides and steroids etc. Eg . Periwinkle, Opium, Menthi , Cinchona, Dioscorea Yam, Belladona , Senna, Sarpagandha , Aswagandha , Tulasi etc. Aromatic plants- are those plants, which possesses essential oils in them. The essential oils are the odoriferous steam volatile constituents of aromatic plants. Eg . Lemon grass, Citronella, Palmrosa , Vetiver , Geranium, Davanam , Lavendor etc.

12. Medicinal and aromatic crops: Deals with cultivation of medicinal and aromatic crops. India has diverse collection of medicinal and aromatic plants species distributed throughout the country. It has more than 9500 species with medicinal properties . Demand for these crops is increasing progressively in both domestic and export markets . Important medicinal plants are Senna, Opium poppy, Periwinkle, Coleus, Ashwagandha , etc. and aromatic plants are Japanese mint, Lemon grass, Citronella, Davana , Patchouli etc.

13. Post Harvest technology : It deals with the processing and preservation of produce of horticulture crops.

14. Nursery and seed production: It deals with the production of seeds and planting material of horticulture crops on commercial basis.

15. Apiculture: The science of honeybee rearing is called as apiculture.

16. Silviculture : Cultivation and management of forest tree. e.g. Teak wood, Neem, Ficus , Eucalyptus etc.

17. Mushroom: Growing or cultivating mushrooms.

18. Questions 1. The word ‘Horticulture’ derived from ……….language A. English B. French C. Greek D. Latin 2. The word ‘ hortus ’ meaning……… A. Garden B. Land C. Vegetable D. Science 3. The word ‘ colere ’ meaning …….. A. Garden B. Cultivation C. Vegetable D. Culture

19. Questions 4. Among which crop ……not included in garden crops A. Mango B. Marigold C. Rice D. Tea 5. Among which crop is not suitable to intensive farming A. Rose B. Cabbage C. Wheat D. Guava 6. Pomology deals with …… A. Fruit crops B. Vegetable crops C. Flower crops D. Plantation crops

20. Questions 7. Olericulture deals with …… A. Fruit crops B. Vegetable crops C. Flower crops D. Plantation crops 8. Floriculture deals with …… A. Fruit crops B. Vegetable crops C. Flower crops D. Plantation crops

21. IMPORTANCE AND SCOPE

22. Importance: Income generation Employment generations Industrial development

23. 4. Religious and scared value 5. Food value 6. Nutritional value

24. fruit and nuts should be 150g and 20g per day, respectively. F ruit and nuts should be 150g and 20g per day, respectively.

25. 7. Aesthetic value 8. Export value

26. ANY QUESTION ???

27. GENERAL KNOWLEDGE SESSION DISUSSION ??? (5 MINUTES )

28. www.paruluniversity.ac.in