introduction philosophy-Lesson- (1).pptx

Lesson 1
Pursuing Wisdom and Facing Challenges in the twenty-Fist Century

1. L esson 1 Pursuing Wisdom and Facing Challenges in the Twenty-First Century Gerlie Jane M. Labrador, LPT

2. 1. I ntroduction: D oing Philosophy

3. objectives Distinguish a holistic perspective from a partial point of view; Recognize human activities that emanate from deliberate reflection; Realize the value of doing philosophy in obtaining a broad perspective on life; Do a philosophical reflection on a concrete situation from a holistic perspective; and; Appreciate indigenous thoughts. 3

4. Teacher : John, what would you like to be when you grow up? John : Ma’am, I want to be happy! Teacher : John, you don’t understand my question. John : Ma’am, you do not understand what life is all about! 4

5. 5 The thinker

6. It refers to a perspective that considers large-scale patterns in system. H olistic thinking This often described as looking at the “big picture” when describing and analyzing a situation or problem. The word holistic comes from the Greek word “ holos ” which means whole 6

7. 7 Holistic thinking

8. It focus on specific aspects of situation Partial thinking 8

9. 9 Partial thinking

10. Key elements in many educational reforms: Diversity – makes each person unique Difference Choice 10

11. The meaning of philosophy 11 Etymological Definition: Greek words Philo ( to love ) Sophia ( wisdom )

12. The meaning of philosophy 12 Real Definition: The science that by natural light of reason studies the first causes or highest principles of all

13. The meaning of philosophy Four thing to considered: Science Natural light of Reasons Study of All Things First Cause or Highest Principle 13

14. Philosophy as a SCIENCE The investigation is systematic It follows certain steps Employs certain behavior 14

15. Philosophy as a NATURAL LIGHT OF REASONS Investigate by not using any other laboratory instrument or investigative tools. 15

16. Study of all things Does not concern with a particular object of investigation Not one dimensional or partial; multidimensional or holistic 16

17. First Cause or Highest Principle A principle is the form which something proceeds in any manner. 17

18. First Cause or Highest Principle Principle of Identity Principle of Non-Contradiction Principle of Excluded Middle 18

19. Principle of Identity Whatever is is ; and whatever is not is not; everything is what it is. Everything is its own being, and not being is not being. Example: A chair. It is a piece of wood made for sitting . 19

20. Principle of Non-contradiction It is impossible for a thing to be and not to be at the same time, and at the same respect. Example: It is impossible that you are alive and dead at the same time. 20

21. Principle of Excluded Middle A thing is either is or is not Everything must either be or not be Between being and not-being There is no middle ground possible 21

22. Principle of Sufficient Reason Nothing exists without a sufficient reason for its being and existence Example: You are alive for a reason. The birds are there for a reason. This pandemic has a reason why this happened. 22

23. Emptying The way to attain wisdom * Intellectual – simplicity and humility * Spiritual – compassion * Physical – misuse of the senses 23

24. reflection It requires a person to be willing to examine one’s thoughts, feelings and action to learn more about one’s life and experience. One can reflect on utmost any subjects 24

25. WHAT DO YOU CONSIDER BEFORE DOING THESE THINGS? Buying things Choosing friends Picking foods 25

26. Why is Philosophy important? Ideas Matter We all have a worldview Philosophy examines assumptions, asks questions, seeks to clarify and analyze concepts, and seeks to organize fact into a rational system for all disciplines philosophy makes us more humans 26

27. Activity Let’s Remember Lets apply 27

28. 28

29. Branches of Philosophy Metaphysics Ethics Epistemology Logic Aesthetics 29

30. Metaphysics An extension of a fundamental and necessary drive in every human being to know what is real The question is how to account for this unreal things in terms of what you can accept as real Eg . Thales (everything is water) water=reality, everything else is appearance 30

31. Metaphysics The tendency to explain the observable in terms of the unobservable Plato: nothing we experience in the physical world with our five senses is real. Reality is just the opposite: it is unchanging, eternal, immaterial, and can be detected only by the intellect. 31

32. ETHICS The branch of philosophy that explores the nature of moral virtue and evaluates human actions A study of the nature of moral judgments 32

33. ETHICS Socrates : to be happy, a person has to live a virtuous life. Virtue is not something to be taught or acquired through education, rather, it is merely a awakening of the seeds of good deeds that lay dormant in the mind and heart of a person. 33

34. ETHICS Knowledge does not mean only theoretical or speculative, but a practical one. Practical knowledge means that one does not only know the rules of right living, but one lives them. 34

35. EPISTEMOLOGY Deals with nature, sources, limitations, and validity of knowledge 35

36. EPISTEMOLOGY Deals with nature, sources, limitations, and validity of knowledge 36

37. EPISTEMOLOGY How do we acquire reliable knowledge? Induction - the belief that general ideas are formed from the examination of particular facts. 37

38. EPISTEMOLOGY How do we acquire reliable knowledge? *Empiricism - the view that knowledge can be attained only through sense experience. 38

39. EPISTEMOLOGY How do we acquire reliable knowledge? Deduction - thinks that it is more important to find a general law according to which particular facts can be understood or judged. 39

40. Group activity: Divide the students in five group. Each group 40

41. LOGIC Came from the Greek word logike coined by Zeno, the Stoic. Etymologically it means a treatise on matters pertaining to the human thought. Not interested in what we know, rather, it is the truth or the validity of our arguments regarding such objects. 41

42. LOGIC Aristotle: the first to devise a logical method. He understood truth to mean the agreement of knowledge with reality; truth exists when the mind’s mental representations (ideas), correspond with things in the objective world. Zeno of Citium : founder of the movement Stoicism 42

43. LOGIC Aristotle: the first to devise a logical method. He understood truth to mean the agreement of knowledge with reality; truth exists when the mind’s mental representations (ideas), correspond with things in the objective world. Zeno of Citium : founder of the movement Stoicism 43

44. AESTHETICS The science of the beautiful in its various manifestations including the sublime, comic, tragic, pathetic, and ugly. To experience aesthetics, therefore, means whatever experience has relevance ti art, whether the experience be that of the creative artist or of the appreciation. 44

45. AESTHETICS As a branch of Philosophy, students should consider the importance of aesthetics because of the following: It vitalizes our knowledge It helps us to live more deeply and richly It brings us in touch with our culture 45

46. AESTHETICS Aesthetics vitalizes our knowledge. It makes our knowledge of the world alive and useful 46

47. AESTHETICS Aesthetics vitalizes our knowledge. Aesthetics helps us to live more deeply and richly. It helps us rise from purely physical existence into the realm of intellect and the spirit 47

48. AESTHETICS Aesthetics vitalizes our knowledge. Aesthetics brings us in touch with our culture. the answers of great minds in the past to various problems are part of our culture. 48

49. AESTHETICS Aesthetics vitalizes our knowledge. Aesthetics brings us in touch with our culture. the answers of great minds in the past to various problems are part of our culture. 49