Introduction to clinical terminology.pptx

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1. Introduction Clinical terminology

2. A It is estimated that about three-fourths of the English medical terminology is of Greek origin . The main reason for this is that the Greeks were the founders of rational medicine in the golden age of Greek civilization in the 5 th Century B.C. Names given by them to man y conditions are still used today, for example, arthritis, nephritis , etc. 2

3. What is clinical terminology? Clinical terminology is terminology used in clinical practice. It includes Greek and Latin names of pathological processes, conditions, certain diseases, symptoms, syndromes, etc. Therefore, it is related to a sick body and ways of its treatment. 3

4. What is a term element? Term element (TE) is a structural element of a clinical term which has a certain meaning and is frequently used. Knowing Greek and Latin term elements means understanding medical clinical terminology. A clinical term can include from two to six term elements. Some term elements may be used as independent words (e.g.: phobia – fear ). 4

5. Let’s take some examples of term elements: nephro - kidney entero-​ intestine - pexia ​ fixation - rrhagia ​ bleeding 5 Explain the following terms: nephropexia , nephrorrhagia , enteropexia , enterorrhagia .

6. There are initial and final term elements (the hyphen indicates their position): Initial term elements e ntero - n ephro - Final term elements - pexia - rrhagia Initial term elements may be used in the middle Gastro- entero -logia 6

7. The ending - ia This ending is widely used in clinical terms. In most cases it means “a pathological process”, “a pathological condition”, “a disease” and often follows the name of some anatomical structure: - acard ia (absence of the heart); - macrodent ia (abnormally large teeth). In the terms with the ending - ia , the second last syllable is stressed: - d ysop í a (disturbances of vision) There are, however, two exceptions: - l ó gia (study, science) and -mal á cia (abnormal softening): - osteo l ó gia (study of bones); - chondromal á cia (softening of cartilage). 7

8. The connective vowel -o- Term elements are often connected with the vowel -o- . As a rule, it is not used if the second term element starts with a vowel. Compare: - arthr - o - pathia (disease of joints); - arthr - i tis (inflammation of joints). 8

9. You can also meet Latin and Greek term elements from the anatomical terminology Hepato- ( hepar ) Oesophago - ( oesophagus ) 9 Colo- (colon)

10. There are terms-synonyms in clinical terminology, which can include both Greek and Latin term elements angio graphia (Greek: angio - → vessel ) vaso graphia (Latin: vas, vasis n → vessel ) (X-ray examination of vessels) 10

11. Thus, there are single and duplicate term elements Duplicates define the same anatomical or histological formations in both Greek and Latin: - arthro | articulatio, onis f ( joint ) - osteo- | os , ossis n ( bone ) Single term elements do not define anatomical or histological formations: - pathia ( disease ) - logia ( study ) - pexia ( fixation ) 11

12. Thank you