Introduction to Medical surgical for 2nd yrs Nursing stu.pdf

Hopefully the nursing students may merit from this materials.

1. INTRODUCTIONTO
MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING
7/9/2024 By Husien S(Senior NP,RN) 1
RVU
For 2
nd
Year Level-IV Nursing students

2. Providing Nursing Care for Medical and Surgical
Health Problems
❑LEARNING OBJECTIVES
At the end of the module the learner will be able to:
➢Identify the impact of medical and surgical health problems
➢ Contribute to planning care for the client with medical and surgical
Health problems
➢ Contribute to multidisciplinary health care team in caring for clients in
the critical care environment
➢ Perform nursing interventions for medical and surgical health
problems
➢ Manage medical and surgical related disorders
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3. Identifying The Impact of Medical And Surgical
Health Problems
Introducing Medical Surgical Nursing
❖Definition
➢Medical –surgical nursing, involves the nursing care of adult
patients whose conditions or disorders are treated
medically/pharmacologically, or surgically.
➢Its also defined as the diagnosis and treatment of human responses of
individuals and groups to actual or potential health problems.
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4. Scope of Medical Surgical Nursing
✓The goal of medical-surgical nursing is to assist the individual
or group in promoting, restoring, or maintaining optimal health
✓The medical-surgical nurse is skilled in assessing, diagnosing,
and treating actual or potential alterations in functional ability
and lifestyle
✓Medical-surgical nursing services are provided to clients from
adolescence throughout the life span
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5. Scope of medical surgical nursing…
Medical-surgical nursing is practiced in a variety of
settings across the continuum of care; these settings
include, but are not limited to:
✓Acute And Sub Acute Care Facilities,
✓Home Care Agencies,
✓Ambulatory Care Clinics,
✓Outpatient Services,
✓Residential Facilities,
✓Skilled Nursing Facilities,
✓Private Practice,
✓Adult Day Care Agencies,
✓Primary Care And Specialty Practices,
✓Schools, Insurance Companies, And Private Companies
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6. Concept of Health And Illness
❖Health concept
➢Biomedical concepts: Health has been traditionally defined as
"absence of disease", and disease as deviation from a biochemical
concept" was based on the germ theory of disease, which dominated
medical thought at the turn of the 20
th
century.
➢Ecological concept
Health is a dynamic equilibrium between man & his environment,
and disease is maladjustment of the human organisms to the
environment.
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7. Concept of health and illness…..
Health concept…
➢The Nightingale Definition Of Health
Nightingale defined health as a state of “being well and using every
power the individual possesses to the fullest extent” (Nightingale,
1969)
➢The World Health Organization (WHO) definition
Health is a “state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being
and it is not merely the absence of disease and infirmity”.
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8. Model of Health And Illness
❖Host- agent-environment model
➢Health and illness depends on
interaction of host, agent and
environmental factors.
➢When the agent, host and
environment variables are in
equilibrium health is maintained.
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9. Model of health and illness….
❖The Health illness continuum
model
➢According to this model, health is a
constantly changing state, with high
level wellness and death being in the
opposite ends of a graduated scale,
or continuum.
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11. Model of health and illness….
❖ High-level wellness model
➢The function of one's maximum potential while maintaining
balance and purposeful direction in the environment.
➢The concept of high level of wellness can be applied to the
individual, family, community, environment, and society.
❖High-level wellness model viewed human beings in five aspects
1.Each individual is functioning as a total personality.
2.Each person possess dynamic energy.
3.Each person is at peace with inner and outer worlds.
4.Each person has a relationship between energy use and self
integration.
5.Each person has an inner world and an outer world.
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13. Model of health and illness….
❖ Health Belief Model
▪The health belief model is based on what people perceive, or
believe, to be true about them in relation to health.
▪This model is based on three components:
✓perceived susceptibility to a disease,
✓perceived seriousness of a disease and
✓perceived value of action.
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15. 15
Nursing Process
7/9/2024 By Husien S(Senior NP,RN)

16. What is nursing process?
❑Common Definitions
Nursing process is an organised, systematic and deliberate
approach to nursing in partnership with the patient and their
family with the aim of improving standards in nursing care
It is a holistic and interactive approach through which nursing
care provision is organised to achieve patient centred nursing
interventions
It is a systematic problem solving approach to client care.
It is an organized, systematic method of giving goal oriented,
humanistic care that is both effective and efficient.
Nursing process is the cornerstone of the nursing profession
N.B. Linda Hall first introduces the term nursing process in 1965
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17. Purpose of Nursing Process
1.To identify clients health care needs
2.To establish nursing care plan so as to meet those needs
3.To give scientific based, holistic, individualized care for the
patient;
4.An opportunity to work collaboratively with patients and others;
5.Achieve continuity of care and;
6.Encourages the health care team to observe and interact with the
patient, and not just the task they are performing such as a
administering an injection, dressing change, or a bed bath.
7.The process provides a roadmap that ensures good nursing care
and improves patient outcomes.
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18. Characteristics of the Nursing Process
✓Problem-oriented
✓Goal-oriented
✓Orderly, planned, systematic
✓Open to accepting new information during its application
✓Interpersonal
✓Permits creativity among nurses and clients
✓Universal;
✓It is applicable to individuals, families, and communities
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19. Benefits of the NP for the Patient
❖Access to quality nursing care
❖Continuity of care
❖Reduces the incidence of hospital stay
❖Patient participation reflects respect for human dignity
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20. Benefits of the NP for the Nurse
▪Consistent and systematic nursing education and care provision
▪Job satisfaction
▪Professional development
▪Avoidance of legal action
▪Meeting code of ethics and professional nursing standards
Speed up diagnosis and treatment of actual and potential health
problems
Promotes flexibility and independent thinking
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21. Phases of Nursing Process
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22. Components of the
NP
Components of the Nursing Process
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23. Nursing Process in the community
Assessment
Diagnosis
Planning
Implementati
on
Evaluatio
n
Promote
Prevent
Maintain
Restore
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24. 24
ASSESSMENT
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25. Assessment
Assessment is the systematic collection of data (subjective and
objective data) to determine the patient’s health status and to
identify any actual or potential health problem .
It is the first step in the Nursing Process and includes:
➢Collection of data
➢Validation of data
➢Organizing data
➢Recording data
257/9/2024 By Husien S(Senior NP,RN)

26. Cont…
❑Data collection
Nursing History from client as a primary source
A comprehensive physical examination that helps to identify
the client’s response to disease; to establish an initial data base
for later comparison, and to validate subjective data presented
by the client during the interview- Not toward identification of
disease;
Laboratory
Nursing Records
Relevant Literature
Input from family and significant others
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27. 27
❑Sources of information:
❖Primary Source
✓information of assessment comes from the client
❖Secondary Source
✓includes family members, significant other health care
professionals, health records, and literature review
7/9/2024 By Husien S(Senior NP,RN)

28. 28
Two categories of data collected:
➢Subjective data – consists of client’s opinions, feelings about
what is happening. Only the client can tell you that he/she is
afraid or in pain. Sometimes the client can communicate through
body language: gesture, facial expressions and body posture. To
obtain subjective data you need sharp interviewing, listening and
observation skills
➢Objective data (precise, accurate measurements or clears
descriptions) – include all the measurable and observable pieces
of information about the client and his or her overall state of
health.
7/9/2024 By Husien S(Senior NP,RN)

29. Cont…
➢Subjective data: consists the client’s opinions, feelings about
what is happening.
To obtain subjective data you need sharp interviewing,
listening, and observation skills.
E.g. "I feel sick to my stomach."
"I have a stabbing pain in my side."
"I feel like nobody likes me."
297/9/2024 By Husien S(Senior NP,RN)

30. Cont…
➢Objective data: include all the measurable and observable
pieces of information about the client and his or her overall
state of health.
➢Objective data are concrete, observable information such as:
- vital signs, laboratory studies, and changes in physical
appearance
Example: Blood pressure of 110/70 mmHg.
Rash on right arm
Urinated 150 ml clear urine
The term objective means that only precise, accurate
measurements or clear descriptions are used.
N.B. S- S = Subjective data are Stated.
O-O = Objective data are Observable.
307/9/2024 By Husien S(Senior NP,RN)

31. Cont…
❖Method of data collection
1.Observation: is an assessment tool that relies on the use of
the five senses (sight, touch, hearing, smell and taste) to
discover information about client.
2.Health interview: the health interview is a way of soliciting
information from the client.
➢This interview may also be called a nursing history.
3.Physical examination: done from head to toe or on
particular body area depending on the clients condition
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32. DIAGNOSIS
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