introduction to nursing.ppt explaining about general roles of the nurse

Nursing is essential to patient and their families. In this presentation the author tells us about important roles of nursing.

3. Introduction

4. Definition of Nursing
•Nursing is an art and a science.
•American Nurses Association definition,
1980: Nursing is the diagnosis and
treatment of human responses to actual
and potential health problems.

5. Roles of Nursing
Whether in hospital-based or community
health care setting, nurses assume three
basic roles:
1- Practitioner" involves actions that
directly meet the health care and nursing
needs of patients, families, and significant
others; includes staff nurses at all levels of
the clinical ladder, advanced practice
nurses, and community-based nurses.

6. 2- Leader involves actions such as
deciding, influencing, and facilitating that
affect the actions of others and are
directed toward goal determination and
achievement; may be a formal nursing
leadership role or an informal role
periodically assumed by the nurse.

7. 3- Researcher involves actions taken to
implement studies to determine the actual
effects of nursing care to further the
scientific base of nursing; can include all
nurses, not just academicians, nurse
scientists, and graduate nursing students.

8. History of Nursing
•The first nurses were trained by religious
institutions to care for patients; no
standards or educational basis.
•In 1873, Florence Nightingale developed a
model for independent nursing schools to
teach critical thinking, attention to the
patient's individual needs, and respect for
the patient's rights.

9. 3- During the early 1900s, hospitals used
nursing students as cheap labor and most
graduate nurses were privately employed
to provide care in the home.
4- After World War II, technological
advancements brought more skilled and
specialized care to hospitals, requiring
more experienced nurses.

10. 5- Development of intensive and coronary
care units during the 1950s brought for the
specialty nursing and advanced practice
nurses.
6- Since the 1960s, greater interest in
health promotion and disease prevention
along with a shortage of physicians
serving rural areas, helped create the role
of the nurse practitioner.

11. Theories of Nursing
•Nursing theories help to define nursing as
a scientific discipline of its own.
•The elements of nursing theories are
uniform nursing, person, environment, and
health; also known as the paradigm or
model of nursing.
•Nightingale was the first nursing theorist;
she believed the purpose of nursing was
to put the person in the best condition for
nature to restore or preserve health.