INTRODUCTION TO PHILOSOPHY MORALITY.pptx

MORALITY PHILOSOPHY

1. in PHILOSOPHY PRESENTED BY: GROUP 3 REASONS TO EXEMPLIFY REASONS, WILL AND ACTIONS

2. ARISTOTLE : INTELLECTUAL FREEDOM

3. Aristotle linked "intellectual freedom" to the human capacity for reason and the resulting ability to make choices and perform actions. He believed humans are rational beings who use their intellect to determine the best means to achieve their goals, with the will (volition) then translating reason into action. Therefore, intellectual freedom, in an Aristotelian sense, isn't about unrestricted thought but about the self-directed exercise of one's intellect and will to achieve human flourishing or eudaimonia

4. REASONS ACTIONS WILL ARISTOTLE : INTELLECTUAL FREEDOM

5. WILL ARISTOTLE : INTELLECTUAL FREEDOM Refers to the human faculty for decision-making, motivation, and voluntary action, contrasting with passive reactions to stimuli. It is a central concept in ethics and the debate on free will, exploring whether humans have the capacity to freely choose their actions or are determined by internal or external causes.

6. REASONS ARISTOTLE : INTELLECTUAL FREEDOM Is the human cognitive ability to think logically, draw conclusions from information, and form judgments based on principles and rules, rather than emotion or intuition. It is the faculty or process of thinking, understanding, and justifying beliefs, acting as the primary tool for seeking truth and knowledge.

7. ACTIONS ARISTOTLE : INTELLECTUAL FREEDOM This is something a person does on purpose, with intention. It’s a behavior or deed that someone chooses to do, not just something that happens by accident.

8. ARISTOTLE : INTELLECTUAL FREEDOM Intellectual freedom empowers individuals to seek, receive, and share information and ideas without restriction, which is essential for a well-informed and self-governing society. It protects against government censorship, fosters open dialogue and innovation, respects individual dignity and privacy, and supports other fundamental freedoms like speech and the press, making it a cornerstone of a just and equitable society

9. Principles of MORALITY

10. Morality is the set of standards that helps individuals and groups distinguish between right and wrong behavior. While often used interchangeably with "ethics," morality typically refers to an accepted code of conduct within a society, religion, or culture, while ethics is the philosophical study of those standards. Principles of MORALITY

11. Describes something absolute, universal, and without exception, particularly a command or moral law that is binding regardless of personal goals or circumstances. Principles of MORALITY C A T E G O R I C A L

12. About following moral duties, rules, and principles, rather than looking at the outcomes of actions. Principles of MORALITY D E O N T O L O G I C A L

13. Categorical (deontological) moral reasoning is a way of deciding right and wrong that does not focus on the consequences (results) of an action. Instead, it looks at the nature of the action itself. Principles of MORALITY C A T E G O R I C A L ( D E O N T O L O G I C A L )

14. Consequentialism is a class of normative, teleological ethical theories that holds that the consequences of one's conduct are the ultimate basis for judgement about the rightness or wrongness of that conduct. Principles of MORALITY C O N S E Q U E N T I A L I S M

15. ○ Whether an act is right or wrong depends only on the results of that act ○ The better consequences an act produces, the better or more right that act Principles of MORALITY C O N S E Q U E N T I A L I S M is based on two principles:

16. THE TROLLEY PROBLEM

17. THE TROLLEY PROBLEM Trolley problem is a series of thought experiments in ethics , psychology and artificial intelligence involving stylized ethical dilemmas of whether to sacrifice one person to save a larger number.

18. WHAT IS DOCTOR DILEMMA?

19. The doctor’s dilemma means the difficult choices that doctors face when treating patients. Sometimes, doctors need to decide between two or more hard options, especially when resources are limited. THE DOCTOR DILEMMA

20. Choosing which patient to treat first when there are not enough medicines or hospital beds. Deciding whether to give treatment that may help but also cause side effects. Respecting a patient’s decision even if the doctor disagrees. Telling the truth about a serious illness while also giving hope. EXAMPLES OF DILEMMA:

21. Facts. Dudley and Stephens along with Brooks and Parker(victim) were cast away at sea without weeks of food and water except for some turnips and a turtle. After twenty days, Dudley and Stephens proposed one person sacrifice himself to save the rest. REGINA V. Dudley and Stephens

22. TRUE OR FALSE Raise your RIGHT HAND if it’s FALSE and raise your LEFT HAND if it’s TRUE. TRUE FALSE

23. TRUE OR FALSE HAAN AGINGATO OR AGITAYAG IMA NA SURE LATTAN

24. Will refers to the human faculty for decision-making, motivation, and voluntary action, contrasting with passive reactions to stimuli. TRUE OR FALSE

25. Will refers to the human faculty for decision-making, motivation, and voluntary action, contrasting with passive reactions to stimuli. TRUE OR FALSE TRUE

26. According to Aristotle, reason, will, and action are connected in decision-making. TRUE OR FALSE

27. According to Aristotle, reason, will, and action are connected in decision-making. TRUE OR FALSE TRUE

28. The Trolley Problem has only one correct answers. TRUE OR FALSE

29. The Trolley Problem has only one correct answers. TRUE OR FALSE FALSE

30. The Doctor’s Dilemma refers to difficult moral choices doctors face in saving lives. TRUE OR FALSE

31. The Doctor’s Dilemma refers to difficult moral choices doctors face in saving lives. TRUE OR FALSE TRUE

32. Consequentialism judges actions based only on their results. TRUE OR FALSE

33. Consequentialism judges actions based only on their results. TRUE OR FALSE TRUE

34. THANK YOU FOR LISTENING.