Chapter 7: Minorities in Policing 109
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COMPLETION
1. _____ is the unequal treatment of persons in personnel decisions (hiring, promotion, and
firing) on the basis of their race, religion, national origin, gender, or sexual orientation.
ANS: Discrimination, or Job discrimination
PTS: 1 REF: p. 192 LEARNING OBJECTIVE: To illustrate how discrimination
affects minorities in obtaining employment and promotions in policing
2. The _____ was enacted with the goal of assisting local governments in reducing the
incidence of crime by increasing the effectiveness, fairness, and coordination of law
enforcement and the criminal justice system.
ANS: Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968
PTS: 1 REF: p. 196 LEARNING OBJECTIVE: To discuss the provisions of the U.S.
legal system that enabled minorities to overcome job discrimination
3. In the early days of female policing, women were normally used in only three actual police-
related jobs. They were _____, _____, and _____.
ANS: vice, juvenile work, guarding female prisoners
PTS: 1 REF: pp. 192, 193 LEARNING OBJECT IVE: To describe the history and
problems of minorities in policing
4. The simultaneous expectation by white officers that African American officers will give
members of their own race better treatment and hostility that African American officers
receive from the African American community because they are perceived as traitors to their
race is known as _____.
ANS: double marginality
PTS: 1 REF: p. 194 LEARNING OBJECTIVE: To illustrate how discrimination
affects minorities in obtaining employment and promotions in policing
5. The primary instrument governing employment equality, as well as all equality, in U.S.
society is the _____ Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.
ANS: Fourteenth
PTS: 1 REF: pp. 195‒196 LEARNING OBJECTIVE: To discuss the provisions of the
U.S. legal system that enabled minorities to overcome job discrimination
6. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibited all job discrimination based on: _____, _____,
_____, _____, or _____.
ANS: race, color, religion, sex, national origin
PTS: 1 REF: p. 196 LEARNING OBJECTIVE: To discuss the provisions of the U.S.
legal system that enabled minorities to overcome job discrimination