Introduction to the endocrine system.ppt

Histology

1. 
Summary SlideSummary Slide

2. Gland based on site of Gland based on site of
secretionsecretion
Exocrine gland
Endocrine gland

3. Distributin
g
Of
Endocrine
gland

4. Adrenal or suprarenal Adrenal or suprarenal
glandgland

5. Adrenal glandAdrenal gland

CortexCortex
zona glomerulozazona glomeruloza
zona fasciculatazona fasciculata
zona reticulariszona reticularis

medullamedulla

7. 
Summary SlideSummary Slide
adrenal

8. Cortical hormones of adrenalCortical hormones of adrenal

glococorticoidsglococorticoids
MineralocorticoidsMineralocorticoids
androgenandrogen

9. MineralocorticoidsMineralocorticoids

eg. Aldestroneeg. Aldestrone

secreted by glomerolosa layersecreted by glomerolosa layer

Maintain electrolyte such as Maintain electrolyte such as
sodium and potassium and sodium and potassium and
water balancewater balance

Mainly act on the distal tubules, Mainly act on the distal tubules,
gastric mucosa and salivary gastric mucosa and salivary
glandsglands

10. glococorticoidsglococorticoids
eg. Cortisol,eg. Cortisol,
cortisone, cortisone,
corticostronecorticostrone
affect on the metabolism of affect on the metabolism of
carbohydrates,carbohydrates,
proteins, proteins,
lipidslipids

11. glococorticoidsglococorticoids
In liver: In liver:

promote the uptake and use of fatty promote the uptake and use of fatty
acids (energy source) acids (energy source)
amino acid (enzyme synthesis)amino acid (enzyme synthesis)
carbohydrates (glucose synthesis)carbohydrates (glucose synthesis)

Stimulate glyconeogenesisStimulate glyconeogenesis

Assembled glucose into glycogen Assembled glucose into glycogen
(glycogenesis)(glycogenesis)

12. glococorticoidsglococorticoids
Outside the liver:Outside the liver:

Induced an opposite or catabolic effect Induced an opposite or catabolic effect
on skin, muscles, adipose tissueon skin, muscles, adipose tissue

Decrease synthetic activity and promote Decrease synthetic activity and promote
protein and lipid degradationprotein and lipid degradation

Amino acids and fatty acids removed Amino acids and fatty acids removed
from blood and used by liver from blood and used by liver

13. glococorticoidsglococorticoids
Suppress the immune system by:Suppress the immune system by:

destroying circulating lymphocyte destroying circulating lymphocyte

Inhibiting mitotic activity in Inhibiting mitotic activity in
lymphocyte forming organslymphocyte forming organs

Having anti-inflammatory Having anti-inflammatory
properties properties

14. M.Monsefi
Capsule cortex(glomerulosa)

15. M.Monsefi
Lamina
Fasiculata
sinusoid

16. M.Monsefi
Reticular lamina medullae

17. Thyroid
gland

18. 
Summary SlideSummary Slide
Follicles
Of
thyroid

19. 
Summary SlideSummary Slide
Hormone synthesis

20. M.Monsefi
T
h
y
r
o
i
d

f
o
l
l
i
c
l
e
capsule
p a ra th y ro id

21. M.Monsefi
Thyroid follicle

22. hypophysis

23. Origin of hypophysisOrigin of hypophysis

27. Summary SlideSummary Slide

Summary SlideSummary Slide

28. Summary SlideSummary Slide

Summary SlideSummary Slide

30. M.Monsefi
Pars distalis (anterior hypophysis)
Acidophil cell
basophile cell
chromophobe cell

31. M.Monsefi
Pars nevrosa (posterior hypophysis)

33. parathyroid

34. oxyphil celloxyphil cell
chief cellchief cell

35. Summary SlideSummary Slide

36. thyroid gland parathyroid thyroid gland parathyroid
glandgland
T4 paratormoneT4 paratormone
T3 T3 ( ca)( ca)
calcitonincalcitonin
( ca)( ca)

37. pancreasepancrease

Exocrine partExocrine part
compound alveolar compound alveolar
gland=seros acinigland=seros acini

Endocrine partEndocrine part
island of langerhansisland of langerhans