introduction to the philosophy of the human person L9 2.pptx

pptx

1. LOGICAL Fallacies

2. I am a liar and I am not lying

3. 1 2 3 The student should be able to tell the difference between a statement that is true and a statement that is not true. The student should be able to spot logical fallacies The student should be able to write a paper that doesn't use logical fallacies and know how to fix papers that do. LESSON Objectives

4. Being persuasive in a communication process is a tough job. You need the right amount of art in terms of delivery and the right amount of integrity in your words and their context. INTRO... Not being able to properly deliver a message is nothing compared to not having integrity in what you say. In this lesson, we will learn how to spot logical fallacies in communication and figure out why they are wrong.

5. WHAT ARE Logical Fallacies? Good communicators are able to recognize and argue their way out of logical fallacies, as well as know how to avoid falling victim to them. These are common flaws in reasoning that weaken or invalidate your argument's logic. Fallacies can be either invalid arguments or irrelevant points, and they are frequently discovered due to the absence of evidence to support the assertion.

6. COMMON LOGICAL FALLACIES

7. APPEAL TO PITY -appeal to emotion in which someone tries to win support for an argument or idea by exploiting his or her opponent’s feeling of pity or guilt. "Professor, please consider raising my grade. I had a terrible semester: my car broke down, my laptop got stolen, and my cat got sick What is it? Example

8. EQUIVOCATION -This is logical chain of reasoning of a term or a word several times, but giving the particular words a different meaning each time "The sign said 'fine for parking.' Since it was fine, I parked there.“ What is it? Example

9. AD Hominem This logical fallacy is when someone tries to change the focus of an argument from the argument itself to something about the other person. u: "Your opinion on this issue is irrelevant. You're just a teenager who doesn't understand the real world." What is it? Example

10. POST HOC Ergo Propter Hoc This conclusion is based on the idea that if "A" came after "B," then "B" must have caused "A." This logical fallacy is also committed due to insufficient evidence about the event. She forgot to bring an umbrella once, and it rained. A week later, when she brought an umbrella, it didn't rain, so she decided to always bring one so it wouldn't rain. What is it? Example

11. FALLACY OF COMPOSITION uThis infers that something is true of the whole from the fact that it is true of some parts of the whole uEvery student in the class is intelligent. Therefore, the class as a whole is intelligent What is it? Example

12. FALLACY uOne reasons logically that something is true of a thing must also be true to all or some of its parts The government is corrupt. Therefore, every government official is corrupt What is it? Example OF DIVISION

13. AD BACULUM APPEAL TO FORCE is a logical fallacy where someone tries to persuade others by using threats or force, rather than providing valid arguments or evidence. "If you don't agree with my interpretation, you'll fail the class." What is it? Example

14. APPEAL TO PEOPLE uis a logical fallacy where someone tries to persuade others by appealing to popular opinion or the beliefs of the majority, rather than providing evidence or sound reasoning. It essentially argues that something must be true because many people believe it. "Millions of people use this product, so it must be effective." What is it? Example

15. ALWAYS BE CRITICAL OF WHAT YOU COMMUNICATE BECAUSE WORDS HAVE INTEGRITY JUST LIKE YOU DO.

16. IDENTIFICATION

17. "YOU SHOULD DEFINITELY VOTE FOR CANDIDATE A. THEY'RE THE ONLY ONE WHO TRULY CARES ABOUT THE PEOPLE. THEY'VE BEEN THROUGH A LOT IN THEIR LIFE, AND THEY UNDERSTAND OUR STRUGGLES."

18. "MY FRIEND SAID THAT ALL POLITICIANS ARE CORRUPT. MY FATHER IS A POLITICIAN, SO HE MUST BE CORRUPT TOO."

19. "EACH INGREDIENT IN THIS RECIPE IS HEALTHY. THEREFORE, THE ENTIRE DISH MUST BE HEALTHY."

20. "THE UNITED STATES IS A WEALTHY COUNTRY. THEREFORE, EVERY AMERICAN MUST BE WEALTHY."

21. "YOU SHOULD AGREE WITH MY OPINION ON THIS MATTER. IF YOU DON'T, YOU'LL BE OSTRACIZED BY YOUR FRIENDS."

22. WRAP UP Fallacies are flaws in reasoning that distort the truth and hinder logical arguments. They manipulate emotions, exploit popular beliefs, or mislead by using false correlations. Recognizing common fallacies, such as appeals to pity, equivocation, composition, division, ad hominem attacks, appeals to force or people, and false cause fallacies, helps individuals engage in more rational discourse, make informed decisions, and construct stronger arguments based on sound logic and evidence.

23. EVALUATION

24. THANK YOU!