inversion and cleft sentences english learning

inversion and
cleft sentences

1. FOCUS STRUCTURES:
Fronting
Inversion
Cleft sentences

2. FRONTING
•She was coughing and sneezing. He recognized these
symptons immediately.
These symptons were recognized immediately.
•We met the Greens. We liked Mrs Green, but we
really didn´t care for her husband.
Mrs Green we liked, but her husband we didn´t care for.

3. INVERSION
After prepositional phrases:
•I sat on a chair in the middle of the room.
Behind the chair stood an old woman.
Into the room walked two men wearing
sunglasses.

4. • adverbs such as HERE and THERE , SCARCELY and
SELDOM;
Here comes the bride!! There goes my bus!!
Seldom have I heard such nonsense.
Scarcely have we found people to help us.
* negative words like NEITHER, NOR or NOT;
I don´t like it. Neither do my parents. Nor does
anyone else.
Not only was the car old, it had no windows.

5. * ONLY in prepositional phrases or time expressions:
Only in Italy can you find this special kind of
ice cream.
Only after the test will we know the correct
answers.
* Gerunds/Participles moved to the front position:
Lying on the bed was a package.
Attached to it was a small note.

6. CLEFT (DIVIDED) SENTENCES
• Cleft sentences can begin with:
IT+ be + emphasized part + relative clause;
I like most vegetables. (I hate onions.)
It is onions that I hate.
I´m not interested in anyone else. (I love you!)
It´s you that I love !

7. WHAT (All) – clause + be + an emphasized part;
I can´t stop yawning. (I need a cup of coffee.)
What I need is a cup of coffee.
Alison has an unusual job. (She repairs old
clocks.) What she does is repair old clocks.
You´ll stop arguing soon.(The only thing you
need is love.) “All you need is love.”

8. Complete each cleft sentence emphasizing the underlined part:
1.The cigarette smoke is irritating my eyes.
It _______________________________ .
2. We had to clean up all the mess.
It ______________________________ .
3.Jimmy watches TV in his room instead of studying.
What _____________________________________ .
4. Scientists now believe that human activity is the
cause.
What ______________________________________ .