Ion Cyclotron Resonance - Mass Spectrometery by Ghulam Mustafa Channa

Ion Cyclotron Resonance - Mass Spectrometery
ICR is Heart of mass spectrometer,,,,

1. Topic: Ion Cyclotron Resonance Assigned By : Prof. Dr. Shahabudin Memon Presented By: Ghulam Mustafa Channa ( M.Phil Scholar ) University of Sindh, Jamshoro , Pakistan.

2. Contents: Introduction to Mass Spectrometry Mass Spectrometer Mass Analyzer Introdction to ICR History of Cyclotron Working Principle , Instrumentation and Construction of Cyclotron Limitation Application Advantages ICR V/S other Mass Analyzers Conclusion References Acknowledgement

3. Mass Spectrometry: Mass spectrometry is the art of measuring atoms and molecules to determine their mass. Such mass or weight information is always useful in determining and identifying different species through mass spectra.

4. Mass Spectrometer: It is an instrument that produces ions, separates them according to their m/z values, detects them, and plots the mass spectra. There are four basic components standard in all mass spectrometers. a sample inlet , an ionization source , a mass analyzer and an ion detector .

5. Mass Analyzer: Mass analyzer is the Heart of the mass spectrometer that separates ions. It is also called ion separator and subsequently records their intensities . Quadrupole mass analyzer Time of flight analyzer (TOF) Magnetic sector mass analyzer Single focusing Double focusing Quadrupole ion trap mass analyzer Ion Cyclotron Resonance Basic types of mass analyzers are listed below:

6. Introduction to ICR Ion cyclotron resonance is the phenomenon related to the movement of ions in a magnetic field . It is used for accelerating ions in a cyclotron for measuring the mass/ es of ionized analyte /s in mass spectrometry . Cyclotron uses a magnet and voltage to accelerate charged particles.

7. History: Cyclotron was invented by Ernest Orlando Lawrence in 1932, in which charged particles accelerated in spiral path . Lawrence was awarded the Nobel prize in 1939 for this invention . The largest cyclotron was the 4.67m ( 184-inch) built between 1940-1946 by Lawrence at the University of California at Berkeley , which could accelerate protons to 100 - 730 MeV .

8. In 1930 Size of first cyclotron was only 4 inch (Diameter) 1 st Cyclotron:

9. In 1932 Acquire Energy 1.2 MeV Can accelerate the proton 11 inch Cyclotron:

10. In 1932 Acquire Energy 4.8 MeV 27 inch Cyclotron:

11. 37 inch Cyclotron: In 1937 Acquire Energy 8.0 MeV

12. 60 inch Cyclotron In 1939 Acquire Energy 16 MeV

13. 184 inch Cyclotron In 1946 Acquire Energy > 100 MeV The largest cyclotron.

14. Cyclotron Location Years of Operation Accelerated Particle Kinetic Energy Notes and Discovery made 4 inch University of California ,Berkeley 1930 Proton - Proof of Concept 11 inch University of California ,Berkeley 1932 Proton 1.2 MeV --- 27 inch University of California ,Berkeley 1932-36 Deuteron 4.8 MeV Investigate deuteron –nucleus interaction 37 inch University of California ,Berkeley 1938 Deuteron 8 MeV Discover many isotopes 60 inch University of California ,Berkeley 1939 Deuteron 16 MeV Discovered Many isotopes 95 inch Harvard Cyclotron Laboratory 1940 Protron 160 MeV Used for Nuclear Physics 1949-1961 Development of clinical proton therapy until 2002 184 inch Berkeley Radlab 1942 Various >100 MeV Research on Uranium isotopes separation

15. Modern Cyclotron

16. DEES AC SOURCE MAGNET POLE N/S ION SOURCE DEFLECTOR

17. Mr. Deepak Aheer (AIIMS) CYCLOTRON TANK

18. TARGET ASSEMBLY 4 DP 22 MECHANIAL PUMP

19. Working principle of ICR is based on these steps: • Production of charge particles • Acceleration of charge particles • Extraction of particles • Bombardment of ions to target Working Principle of ICR ?

20. In electric field a charged particle is accelerated . In magnetic field a charged particle can be turned around . Where in magnetic field the magnetic force acts as a centripetal force . The magnetic force bend charges into a spiral path and applied electric field accelerates charged particle between the " Dees " Working Principle of ICR ?

21. We have an electromagnet which continuously generates a magnetic field. The magnetic filed is directed vertically upward. Inside the magnetic field we have two metallic plates D1 and D2 Both these magnetic plates are connected to an alternating electric source. They are known as “ dess ” as they are in D shape. Working Principle of ICR ?

22. These dees are enclosed in strong magnetic field produced by two pole of electromagnet . A charged particle “P” entering the cyclotron center will be attracted by the negative plate if it is positively charged and vice versa if negatively charged. Working Principle of ICR ?

23. Ion move with constant velocity in spiral path under the influence of magnetic field which is perpendicular the Dees . If the ions emerge from D1 or D2 , the polarity of the applied potential is reversed, the positive ions will again face the negative “Dee” and thus will be again accelerated by the electric field in the gap. Working Principle of ICR ? D1 D2

24. The time passage to complete the semi-circle in the D 1 remains the same as in D 2 . In this way the positive ions move faster and expanding circle until they reach the outer edge of the Dees, where they are deflected by deflector and strike the target. Working Principle of ICR ?

25. 5 C F N 1 3 2 4 5 O Observations of such collisions yield information about the charged particles in form of spectra.

26. It is expensive . It cannot accelerate neutron, because neutron do not have any charge . Capable of being used only with pulsed ionization sources, not continuous ion sources. Runs at very low pressure. Limitation:

27. Cyclotron is used to bombard nuclei with energetic particles and observe the nuclear reactions . Ion beams from cyclotrons can be used, as in proton therapy, to penetrate the body and kill tumors by radiation. Application:

28. Excellent accuracy and extremely high resolving power. The highest recorded mass resolution of all mass spectrometers . Non-destructive method, i -e ions at the end of this experiment can be used for another measurement . Advantages:

29.   ICR-MS having highest resolution and separates ions more efficiently using electric and magnetic field.   Non-destructiveness is its unique property. It is a most accurate technique but its compatibility with ion sources makes it of less demand. Conclusion:

30. https ://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cNnNM2ZqIsc http ://www.research.uky.edu/core/massspec/jeolanalyzers.pdf An Introduction to Mass Spectrometry by Scott E. Van Bramer Mass Spectrometry Principles and Applications (Third Edition) Edmond de Hoffmann Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance spectroscopy journal of pharmaceutical and scientific innovation Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry: A Primer Alan G.Marshall ,*† Christopher L. Hendrickson, and George S. Jackson†Center for Interdisciplinary Magnetic Resonance, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, 1800 East Paul Dirac Dr .,Tallahassee, FL 32310 Ion Cyclotron Resonance By T. H. Stix and R. W. Palladino MASS ANALYZER BY:- VARUN GIRME References:

31. Acknowledgment Thanks to Almighty ALLAH for everything in my life. Thanks to sir Shahbuddin Memon for his religious & motivational talks. Finally thanks to all my Classfellows for being patient during my presentation.

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