IPHP-Lesson-1.pptxIPHP-Lesson-1.pptxIPHP-Lesson-1.pptx

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1. DOING PHILOSOPHY

2. OBJECTIVES The students are expected to : discuss philosophy and its importance as a discipline and a means for understanding life; appreciate the value of philosophy in daily life; become philosophical in dealing with life situations; and discuss the practical uses of philosophy in life.

3. MOTIVATION A murderer is sentenced into death. He has to choose between three rooms. The first room is full of furious flame. The second is full of murderers with loaded guns. And there are lions in the third room who had not been fed for years. Which room is the safest? Answer: The room of the lions because they’re dead if they haven’t been fed for years !

4. Questions regarding human existence What is real? Are we able to perceive and understand reality and everything in it?

5. Questions regarding human existence How do we know what we know? Are the things that we know true?

6. Questions regarding human existence What is the ultimate cause of all things? What is our purpose in this world?

7. Questions regarding human existence To what extent are our choices and actions considered “ free ”?

8. PRESENTING THE NEW LESSON What questions about your life are you struggling to find answers to? Share some of them in class.

9. PRESENTING EXAMPLE OR INSTANCE OF THE NEW LESSON “An unexamined life is not worth living.” - Socrates

10. ACTIVITY Read and analyse the following conversation between a high school teacher and her student in class. Teacher : Juan, what would you like to be when you grow up? Juan : Ma’am, I want to be happy! Teacher : Juan, you did not understand my question. Juan : Ma’am, you do not understand what life is all about!

11. ACTIVITY Processing Questions : Do you think that Juan’s answer was appropriate for his teacher’s question? What do you think was Juan’s interpretation of his teacher’s question? Based on his responses, what kind of student do you imagine Juan to be? If you were Juan’s teacher, how would you respond to him? How is philosophy related to this situation?

12. ANALYSIS What is philosophy? Why is there a need to philosophize? How do we characterize the study of philosophy ? What are the practical uses of philosophy in life?

13. ABSTRACTION Philosophy comes from two Greek words: philos ( love ) and sophia ( wisdom ) which were used by ancient Greeks to refer to “ love of wisdom ” and soon applied it to the study or discipline that uses human reason to investigate the ultimate, causes, reasons, and principles which govern all things Philosophers are people who engage in philosophy or “ lovers of wisdom ”

14. ABSTRACTION Pythagoras a mathematician and scientist, credited with formulating the Pythagorean Theorem established a community of learners devoted to the study of religion and philosophy Heraclitus proposed that everything that exists is based on a higher order or plan which he called logos change is permanent aspect of the human condition; “No man never steps in the same river twice .”

15. ABSTRACTION Democritus study the causes of natural phenomena was among the first to propose that matter is composed of tiny particles called atoms Diogenes of Sinope a known advocate of living a simple and virtuous life one should not only talk of virtue but should show it in words and actions his emphasis on austerity and simplicity often went to the extreme and was said to have lived like a beggar

16. ABSTRACTION Epicurus philosophy could enable man to live a life of happiness his views gave rise to Epicureanism – a school of philosophy which believes that wisdom and simple living will result in a life free of fear and pain

17. ABSTRACTION Socrates considered the foremost philosopher o f ancient times h e did not claim to be “ wise ” and merely considered himself a “ midwife ” that helped inquiring minds achieve wisdom believed that philosophy could enable a man to live a life of virtue. formulated the Socratic Method – a means of examining a topic by devising a series of questions that let the learner examine and anlyze his knowledge and views regarding the topic

18. ABSTRACTION Plato a student of Socrates, he wrote down his mentor’s teachings and incorporated some of his own ideas his teachings and writings were considered the foundation of Wester n philosophy dialectic – a method of inquiry where two opposing ideas are discussed in an attempt to arrive at new knowledge founded the Academy – an institution of higher learning which was the first of its kind in the Western World

19. ABSTRACTION Aristotle he attended the academy and prominent student of Plato all idea s and views are based on perception and our reality is based on what we can sense and perceive studied logic that led to the formulation of a formal process of analyzing reasoning which gave rise to deductive reasoning – the process of which specific statements are analyzed to reach a conclusion or generalization

20. ABSTRACTION We all have the potential to philosophize since we have the tendency to wonder and doubt. We possess the capacity to reflect on our experiences, and we have a never-ending need to learn and discover . The need to philosophize is traced to a person’s sense of wonder (Plato) and doubt (Rene Descartes), the need to make sense of challenging experiences (Karl Jaspers), and the love for wisdom .

21. ABSTRACTION The study of philosophy can be considered as a way of analyzing ideas and frameworks. It is also considered as a way of examining a particular area of knowledge . Philosophy itself is a discipline with its own goals, concerns, and ways of doing things. It also makes use of information gathered from other fields of knowledge and not just its own conclusions. Finally, philosophy can be considered a reflective and meditative activity .

22. ABSTRACTION Aesthetics d eals with beauty and what makes things “beautiful” Logic the branch of philosophy which deals with correct reasoning Epistemology discusses the nature of knowledge and knowing Ethics the branch which deals with moral questions and dilemmas

23. ABSTRACTION Political Philosophy studies governments and deals with questions of justice, power and the rights and obligations of citizens Metaphysics deals with questions regarding reality and existence Philosophy of the Human Person understands the human person from a philosophical perspective – integrating and synthesizing the different branches of philosophy and other fields of study to know the truth about the human person

24. ABSTRACTION Practical Uses of Philosophy in Our Lives: Philosophy enables a person to engage in critical analysis and interpretation of concepts, definitions, arguments, and problems. Philosophy also improves problem-solving and decision making. A philosopher is a good communicator who can clearly and adequately present his or her ideas . 4. Wisdom is one intended product of philosophizing that refers to a person’s ability to apply knowledge to daily life particularly in making sound choices and judgment. 5. Knowledge of Philosophy can contribute to self-development .

25. APPLICATION Describe (through poster, slogan, essay, song, poem, drawing, etc.) a situation in your life when you were able to engage in philosophy. What circumstances or dilemma brought about your need to philosophize? How did philosophy help you address your situation?

26. GENERALIZATION What are the reasons that compel a person to engage in philosophical thinking? How can you as a person benefit from philosophizing? Based on the characteristics of Philosophy, would it be possible for any person to engage in philosophical discussion? Why or why not?