IT_generalpsy_lec6_1 general lecture on psychology

Lecture 6

1. Personal Development
& Communicative
Psychology
Lecture 6
by Natalya Vladimirovna
Polyvyannaya, 2025

2. Personal Development
& Communicative
Psychology
MAIN ISSUES
•Personal Development
•Self-Awareness and Reflection
•Goal Setting and Achievement
•Growth Mindset vs. Fixed Mindset
•Time Management and Productivity
•Building Confidence and Self-Esteem
•Values and Motivation
•Developing Resilience
ADDITIONAL ISSUES
•Perspectives in describing Personality
•Examples of personality concepts
•Communication
•Assertive behavior
•Practices (optional)
E-mail: [email protected]
2

3. Personal
Development
(understanding
personality)
6
3

4. Personal Development
4
•Personal development is the development of yourself.
•It is a deliberate (намеренные)effort to improve your life
•It is not an event; it is a process.
•The quality of your investment in personal development
decides the quality of your achievements in life.

5. Personal Development
5
This is the development line This is also the development line

6. Who we are?
6
•Humanis a concept that relates a creature to the
human race.
•An individualis a single representative of the human
race, regardless of its anthropological characteristics.
•Personalityis a set of socially significant qualities of an
individual. Grown by society for society. Has social
roles.
•Individualityis a set of physiological, psychological
characteristics of an individual that make up his
originality, difference from other people.
«We are born as a human, become a
personality, and then defend our
individuality»(A.G. Asmolov)

7. Personality
7
Personality is a person considered from the point of view of his stable psychological and
social qualities, which are manifested in social ties and relationships. The key feature of
personality is its social nature. Personality is formed and manifested only in society in the
process of interaction with other people.
Personality structure
Personality is a multi-level system of various characteristics.
In its structure, the following are distinguished:
•Biological level -includes natural properties, such as temperament.
•Psychological level -abilities, emotions, character, self-awareness.
•The social level is the system of relations between the individual and society, group
norms and values.

8. 8Verywellmind.com
•Personality is organized and consistent.
We tend to express certain aspects of
our personality in different situations,
and our responses are generally stable.
•Although personality is generally stable,
it can be influenced by the
environment.For example, while your
personality might make you shy in social
situations, an emergency might lead you
to take on a more outspoken and take-
charge approach.
•Personality causes behaviors to happen.
You react to the people and objects in
your environment based on your
personality. From your personal
preferences to your career choice, every
aspect of your life is affected by your
personality.
NEW HABITS –a way to a little bit NEW personality

9. 9
Verywellmind.com
+ The Biological
Perspective of
Personality
suggests that
genetic,
neurological, and
physiological
factors play a
significant role in
shaping an
individual's
personality. It
emphasizes the
influence of
biological
processes, such as
brain structure and
neurotransmitter
levels, on
personalitytraits
and behaviors.

10. SOME theories of personality
10
AND
MANY
OTHERS
•Psychoanalysis of Z. Freud
•Individual psychology of A. Adler
•Analytical theory of personality by C.G. Jung
•E. Berne's Transactional Analysis -explanation of personality
•Karen Horney theory -explanation of personality
•Humanistic psychology explanation of personality
•Humanistic theory of personality by A. Maslow
•Sub-persons theory by Roberto Assajiolli
•C. Rogers' human-centered approach -explanation of
personality
•Existential psychology -explanation of personality
•Psychology of the search and realization of the meaning of life
(logotherapy) V. Frankl
•Existential Analysis by A. Langle-explanation of personality
•Behavioral psychology -explanation of personality
•B. Skinner's theory of operant learning
•Dispositional theory of personality by G. Allport
•Structural theory of personality traits by R. Cattell
•K. Leonhard's theory of personal accentuations
•Pathopsychologyof personality B.V. Zeigarnik
•Self-determination theory of motivation and personality

11. Freud’s theory
11
•AccordingtoFreud, humanpersonalityiscomplexand
has3elementsknownastheid, theego, andthe
superego.
•Theseelementsworktogethertocreatecomplex
humanbehaviors.
•Theidisconsideredthebasisofvitalenergyandis
largelyheldintheunconscious, emergingasillogical
orwishfulthinking
•Thesuperegoisone’sconscienceandisestablished
viaidentificationwithparentalfiguresorsocialgroups
atlarge.
•Theegoistaskedwithbalancingrealitywiththe
demandsofdesire(id) andmorality(superego).
Eachcomponentaddsitsownuniquecontributionto
personality.
Super
Ego
ID
Ego
Personality
by Freud
The
Pleasure
Principle
The
Principle
of Reality
The
Principle of
Morality

12. Freud’s theory
12
Id Ego Superego
Function Seeks pleasure
Mediates reality and
desires
Imposes moral
standards on behavior
Operates Unconscious Conscious, Unconscious
Conscious,
Unconscious
Principles Pleasure principleReality principle Morality principle
Development Present from birth
Develops during infancy,
uses defense
mechanisms such as
sublimation
Develops around the
age of five

13. Freud’s theory
13Verywellmind.com

14. Jung’s theory
14
•Jungintroduced additional tools to psychotherapy such
as active imagination, art therapy, analysis of dreams,
exploring spiritual experiences to achieve self-
realization and wholeness (individuation).
•Jung introduced his theory of personality, which includes
the ego, personal unconscious, and collective
unconscious. While the egoserves as a conscious sense
of self, the personal unconscious contains repressed
thoughts and memories unique to an individual.
•The collective unconscious represents universal
archetypesand collective human experiences.
Persona
Shadow
Ego
Personality
by Jung
Anima Animus
Self
Personal
Unconsciousness
Consciousness
Collective
Unconsciousness
(archetypes)

15. Jung’s theory
15
Persona
Shadow
Ego
Personality
by Jung
Anima Animus
Self
Collective
Unconsciousness
(archetypes)
Personal
Unconsciousness
Consciousness
PERSONAL ARCHETYPES
•The persona (or mask) is the outward face we
present to the world. It conceals our real self
and Jung describes it as the “conformity”
archetype.
•Problems can arise when a person overly
identifies with their Persona, unable to
differentiate between their professional role
and their authentic self.
•An example would be a teacher who
continuously treats everyone as if they were
their students, or someone who is overly
authoritative outside their work environment.

16. Jung’s theory
16
Persona
Shadow
Ego
Personality
by Jung
Anima Animus
Self
Collective
Unconsciousness
(archetypes)
Personal
Unconsciousness
Consciousness
•Anima/animus is the mirror image of our biological
sex, that is, the unconscious feminine side in males
and the masculine tendencies in women.
•These archetypes are derived both from collective
ideas of femininity and masculinity and from
individual experiences with the opposite sex,
beginning with the person’s parents.
•The Anima and Animus exist in the unconscious as
counterbalances to a person’s conscious sexual
identity, serving to complement their experience and
understanding of their own gender.
•First person we could love appears in
unconsciousness, then in the real life due to Jung.
Being in love is a projection of Anima/Animus to a
real person.

17. Jung’s theory
Personality
by Jung
•The Shadow archetype encapsulates the parts of ourselves
that we may reject, disown, or simply don’t recognize.
•Rooted in both our personal and collective unconscious, the
Shadow contains traits that we consciously oppose, often
contrasting those presented in our Persona –the outward
‘mask’ we show to the world.
•This is the animal side of our personality (like the id in Freud).
•It is the source of both our creativeand destructiveenergies.
•The Shadow isn’t merely negative; it provides depthand
balance to our personality. This is symbolized in the idea:
“where there is light, there must also be shadow”.
•Overemphasis on the Persona, while neglecting the Shadow,
can result in a superficial personality, preoccupied with others’
perceptions.
•Shadow elements often manifest when we project disliked
traits onto others, serving as mirrors to our disowned aspects.
Engaging with our Shadow can be challenging, but it’s crucial
for a balanced personality.

18. Jung’s theory
18
Persona
Shadow
Ego
Personality
by Jung
Anima Animus
Self
Collective
Unconsciousness
(archetypes)
Personal
Unconsciousness
Consciousness
•Egois a tool for the cognition of self-reflection.
•The center and focus of consciousness, it “refers to the experience
of oneself as the center of will, desire, reflection and action.”
•The ego is an innate center of awareness, the center of will,
decision-making.
•SELF-provides a sense of unity in experience. For Jung, the
ultimate aim of every individual is to achieve a state of selfhood
(similar to self-actualization).
•The Self, the most significant archetype, is the totality of an
individual's personality, transcending the Ego
“. . . the self is our life’s goal,
for it is the completest
expression of that fateful
combination we call
individuality. . .” (Carl Jung)

19. Individuation

20. Individuation

21. Eric Berne’s theory
21
oEric Berne noted that in different situations we
take different positions in relation to each other,
which is reflected in interaction (transactions).
oThe main positions in this case are three, which
were conventionally named by E. Berne: Parent,
Adult and Child.
oParentdemands, evaluates (condemns and
approves), teaches, guides, patronizes, etc.
oAn adult works with information, reasons,
analyzes, clarifies the situation, talks on an equal
footing, appeals to reason, logic, etc.
oA child shows feelings (resentment, fear, guilt,
etc.), obeys, is naughty, shows helplessness, asks
questions: "Why me?", "Why was I punished?",
apologizes in response to remarks, etc.
Parent
Child
Adult
Personality
by Eric Berne

22. Eric Berne’s theory
22
Parent ChildAdult
I HAVE
TO
DO
I WANT
TO
Parent
ChildAdult
Wise, demanding,
directs and takes
care
Pragmatic, logical.
learns and helps
Irrational, plays,
evokes emotions
BOSS Employee
Parent
Child
Adult
Parent
Child
Adult

23. Practice
23
Mark. What has happened to the youth?! They have completely let themselves go!
John. Yes, we were more modest in their age.
Teacher. How did you manage to get a three-digit number here?
Student. Oh, right, I forgot to take the square root!
Cashier. How about we run off to the movies while the bosses are away?
Accountant. Please pass me the reports for last quarter.
Lilly. Aren't you ashamed to sit there with an elderly woman standing next to you!
Jessie. Oh, of course, of course, I just didn't notice: I was lost in thought, you know...
Please sit down.
Conference Speaker-1. Right now, I'll give you the spotlight, I see that you've raised
your hand for the fifth time.
Conference Speaker-2. I might not even speak at all...
Parent
Child
Adult

24. Eric Berne’s theory
(attitudes to others)
24
Me+ You+ (winner)
Me+ You-(non-winner)
Me-You+ (non-winner)
Me-You-(loser)

25. Personal
Development
6
25

26. Milestones for Personal
Development
26
•Self-Awareness and Reflection
•Goal Setting and Achievement
•Growth Mindset vs. Fixed Mindset
•Time Management and Productivity
•Building Confidence and Self-Esteem
•Values and Motivation
•Developing Resilience

27. Self-Awareness and Reflection
27
Self-awarenessis the ability to recognize and understand one's own emotions, thoughts,
and behaviors. It’s foundational to personal growth, as it helps individuals understand their
strengths, weaknesses, values, and motivations. Reflection, meanwhile, involves looking
back on experiences to gain insights and learn from them.
Techniques: Practices like journaling, meditation, and mindfulness can enhance self-
awareness by encouraging individuals to observe their thoughts and emotions without
judgment.
Benefits: Increased self-awareness can improve decision-making, enhance emotional
regulation, and support personal growth by enabling individuals to align actions with their
values.
Applications: Self-reflection can help people identify areas for improvement, celebrate
achievements, and set intentions for future behavior.
Example: Reflecting on a recent project can help you to identify both strengths (e.g.,
technical skills) and areas needing improvement (e.g., teamwork or communication),
thereby setting clear goals for growth.

28. Self-Awareness and Reflection
28
Micro-practice
Write, draw or just tell what is happening
right now on a level of your
-MIND
-EMOTIONS
-BODY
How did you notice that?

29. Goal Setting and Achievement
29
Goal setting is the process of identifying objectives and defining the steps needed to reach
them. Effective goal setting can help channel focus and motivation, making it easier to
achieve desired outcomes.
SMART Goals: Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-bound goals are a
proven method for setting clear, actionable objectives.
Long-term vs. Short-term Goals: It’s important to balance both immediate objectives (like
completing a semester project) and future aspirations (like a career path in software
development).
Accountability and Tracking: Tracking progress toward goals and periodically evaluating
them can help maintain motivation and adjust strategies if necessary.
Example: A student might set a goal to learn a new programming language within three
months. They can break this goal into weekly milestones (e.g., completing introductory
tutorials, building small projects) to stay on track.

30. Goal Setting and Achievement
30Asana.com

31. Growth Mindset vs. Fixed
Mindset
31
The concept of a growth mindset (Carol Dweck), refers to the belief that abilities
and intelligence can be developed with effort, learning, and persistence. In
contrast, a fixed mindset assumes that abilities are static and unchangeable.
Growth Mindset: People with a growth mindset are more likely to embrace
challenges, persist through setbacks, and see effort as a pathway to mastery.
Fixed Mindset: Those with a fixed mindset may avoid challenges and give up
easily when faced with difficulties, viewing failure as a sign of inherent limitations.
Encouraging a Growth Mindset: By rewarding effort and learning from mistakes,
individuals can shift toward a growth mindset, leading to continuous self-
improvement.
Example: A student who faces difficulty learning a new programming concept
might view it as an opportunity to improve through practice, rather than a sign
they lack the talent.
What skill
would you
like to grow?

32. Time Management
and Productivity
32
Time management is about organizing and planning how to divide time between
activities to increase productivity and achieve more in less time. It’s especially
critical for balancing study, work, and personal life.
Prioritization: Tools like the Eisenhower Matrix (urgent vs. important tasks) help in
identifying high-priority activities and focusing on what truly matters.
Techniques: Methods like the Pomodoro Technique (working in focused 25-
minute blocks) and time-blocking (allocating specific time slots for tasks) can
improve productivity.
Setting Boundaries: Learning to say “no” to distractions and setting clear
boundaries between work and rest time are essential for maintaining balance and
avoiding burnout.
Example: Prioritizing assignments and setting dedicated time blocks for coding,
research, and team discussions can help students meet deadlines while
maintaining quality.
NO
What activities
you can say NO
to gain more time
and resource
for your
development?

33. Building Confidence
and Self-Esteem
33
Confidence is the belief in one’s abilities, while self-esteem reflects a general
sense of self-worth. Both are important for taking on challenges and achieving
personal and professional goals.
Building Confidence: Confidence grows through setting and achieving small goals,
taking risks, and learning from feedback.
Positive Self-Talk: Replacing self-doubt with positive affirmations and recognizing
personal achievements helps in building self-esteem.
Overcoming Imposter Syndrome: Many students, especially in technical fields,
may feel unqualified despite their skills. Learning to value one’s efforts and
contributions can counter these feelings.
Example: A student who successfully completes a challenging project or learns a
new skill should acknowledge their achievement to boost confidence and
motivate future efforts.
Continue sentences
1.I'm proud of myself
when...
2.I trust my...
3.The most incredible thing
I've ever done is...
4.I like myself most of all
when...
5.I feel confident when...

34. Values and Motivation
34
Personal values represent what individuals find important in
life, while motivation is the driving force that compels them to
act. Understanding both can help individuals make meaningful
choices and pursue goals that resonate with them.
Identifying Core Values: Reflecting on values (e.g., creativity,
teamwork, independence) helps individuals align their goals
with what they find meaningful.
Intrinsic vs. Extrinsic Motivation: Intrinsic motivation comes
from within (like passion for coding), while extrinsic motivation
is driven by external rewards (like grades or recognition).
Sustaining Motivation: Recognizing both types of motivation
and using them strategically can help maintain momentum in
challenging projects.
Example: A student who values creativity might find
motivation in coding projects that allow for innovative
solutions, rather than focusing only on grades.

35. Techniques to Help You Find
Motivation
35
Action Mantra
People often regret working themselves to the point of exhaustion, not spending
time with their family, or not doing what they love.
American businessman Gary Vaynerchukoften talked to people over ninety years
old. He heard many stories about regret. Communication with these older people
and their stories inspired him to come up with a simple phrase that could motivate
everyone.
Every morning, Gary repeats the same thing to himself:
“You are not immortal.”
These words contain the pain of hundreds of missed opportunities. They also
contain the pain of the moment when you realize that there is nothing left to do but
lament. Nothing ruins life like regret. How awful it is to wake up in the morning and
realize with surprise that the life we didn’t notice has expired, and there was so
little in it. Control your instincts and take the first step
https://starwars-
galaxy.ru/raznoe/illyustraciya-k-
skazke-koshhej-bessmertnyj-
koshhej-bessmertnyj.html

36. Techniques to Help You Find
Motivation
36
A person always has three possible reactions to a task:
•start doing it;
•try to avoid it;
•fall into a stupor and postpone the action.
In the primitive world, people either fought the threat, or ran away, or froze in fear. Although modern tasks rarely
pose a real danger, our instincts still work.
Making a decision to start working on a task or avoid it is simple. If the motivation is high, we start taking action.
The reasons for procrastination can be different: fear of failure, lack of a clear plan of action.
To avoid stagnation, you need to take at least one step. It may be small, but still the first. It is important to repeat
to yourself every day a motivational phrase that will help you cope with this problem.
For example, people who struggle with addiction to cigarettes or drugs often use the phrase “Hold on just today.”
It can be adapted for those who are prone to procrastination: “Take just one step. The smallest. Just one.” The
main thing is to repeat it every day to maintain motivation for action.

37. Techniques to Help You Find
Motivation
37
In one of the Buddhist parables, the students asked the sage a variety
of questions, but to the most difficult ones they received the same
answer: “Go and brew tea.”
To truly feel the depth of the wisdom of such an answer, you need to
turn to the value of traditional tea drinking in Asia. This is a real art in
which every detail has its own meaning.
The dishes are carefully arranged on a special tray, the teapot is
carefully prepared and the cups are warmed. The leaves are poured
into a teapot and filled with boiling water.
Strict adherence to this ritual is considered important as it helps to
establish order in life. The tea ceremony becomes a moment of peace
when you can reflect on your path and goals.
Perhaps the lack of motivation is a signal that the upcoming action is
not worth your attention and effort?

38. Developing Resilience
38
Resilienceis the ability to bounce back from setbacks, adapt to change, and continue moving
forward in the face of adversity. It’s a critical skill for handling challenges both in personal life and
the workplace.
Adaptability: Being open to change and flexible in one’s approach helps in adapting to unexpected
difficulties or failures.
Learning from Failure: Viewing failure as a learning opportunity rather than a personal flaw can
strengthen resilience.
Support Systems: Building a network of supportive relationships with friends, mentors, and
colleagues can provide emotional support and guidance.
Example: A student might experience setbacks in a coding project. Instead of giving up, they can
seek help from peers or learn new approaches, ultimately becoming more resilient in handling
future technical challenges.
https://positivepsychology.com/resilience-activities-exercises/

39. Developing Resilience
39
• What you love
• What you are good at
• What the world needs
• What you can be paid for
The Finding Your Ikigaitool is an easy-to-use exercise
to help clients find purpose and meaning in their lives
by engaging in the Japanese practice of ikigai.
This tool takes normally 30-60 minutes to administer
and is accompanied by the following diagram:

40. Wheel of the
Life Balance
40
HEALTH
Communication
Family
Career,
business
Finance
Spiritual
growth/
creativity
Personal
growth,
education
Brightness
of life,
enjoyment

41. 41
careercliff.com

42. Communicative
Psychology
6
42

43. Communication
43
•What does effective
communication mean?
•What does it mean to be able
to communicate? (уметь
общаться)
•Do I know how to
communicate?

44. Possible answers
44
•Effective communication always leads to
the goal and result.
•To be able to communicate means:
-be able to understand people (understand
and take into account their individuality);
-be able to build your speech;
-be able to listen;
-be able to choose an effective interaction
strategy.

45. Communication
45
...is a complex, multifaceted
process of establishing and
developing contacts between
people, including:
•people's perception of each
other,
•information exchange
•and the development of a
unified strategy for interaction.

46. Communication techniques
46
An important condition for creating a trusting
climate is a set of attitudes to the partner:
•an understanding reaction to the partner's
thoughts, feelings, ideas and statements, non-
judgmental perception;
•positive acceptance of the partner's
personality;
•consistency (congruence) of one's behavior
during interaction.

47. 47

48. 48
Youshould not likeeverything
other peoplepropose toyou.

49. 49

50. Communication techniques
50
•Similarity technique: become a mirror of your interlocutor;
•Active listening technique;
•Verbalization technique -I understand that this bothers you, I feel that you are
upset about something
•Rephrasing and summarizing ("If I understand correctly" or "From my
perspective…" );
----
•Golden words,
•Knowing the life of a partner.

51. Practice (Optional)
51
1. Take the communication skills test (5 min, RU version only)
The test has 16 questions with 3 answer options. There are no right or wrong answers, you
have to choose the option that best reflects your opinion on this issue.
https://onlinetestpad.com/ru/test/9695-vashi-kommunikativnye-navyki
2. Watch the video 6 Tips for Active Listening (2m13s video)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oWe_ogA5YCU
Answer the questions:
•What are the 6 tips for active listening in this video?
•What was new for you and what will you use in the future?

52. What is important for
effective communication
52
To learn how to communicate effectively with people, you need to take into
account the fact that almost everything matters:
•What exactly you say.
•How you speak.
•How you listen to the interlocutor.
•What emotions you experience.
•What emotions the interlocutor experiences.
•How you understand what emotions the interlocutor experiences.
•How you use body language.

53. Ineffective communication
53
Sometimes your interaction with other people can lead to conflict situations and
this happens exactly when you use ineffective communication techniques, such
as:
•Orders, commands
•Threats
•Ridicule (высмеивание)
•Questioning(допрашивание)
•Evil jokes
•Reprimands, accusations(выговоры, обвинения)
•Moralizing
•Guesses, interpretations

54. Winning people 6 Rules
54
So, if you want to win people over.
Rule 1: Show genuine interest in other people.
Rule 2: Smile!
Rule 3: Remember that to a person, the sound of his name is the sweetest and
most important sound of human speech.
Rule 4: Be a good listener. Encourage others to tell you about themselves.
Rule 5: Keep the conversation within the circle of your interlocutor's interests.
Rule 6: Make people feel important and do it sincerely.

55. Efficacy in communication
55
Your
needs
Your
needs
Needs
of
other’s
Aggressive
behavior
Passive
behavior
Assertive behavior

56. Efficacy in communication
56

57. Efficacy in communication
57
Which right is easy for you
to defend, and which is
difficult?
By accepting rights, one
also accepts
responsibility for
the consequences.

58. Efficacy in communication
58
Which right is easy for you
to defend, and which is
difficult?
By accepting rights, one
also accepts
responsibility for
the consequences.

59. Efficacy in communication
59
Assertiveness
(утверждающее,
отстаивающееповедение)
according to the American
psychotherapist Manuel J.
Smith is a person’s ability
to be independent of
external influences and
assessments, to
independently regulate
their own behavior and be
responsible for it.
•Assertivenessis a whole complex of “soft skills” that are very helpful
in personal and work life. In a broad sense, it is the ability to feel
confident regardless of the opinions of others and at the same time be
in harmony with other people.Generally speaking, it is a person’s
ability to confidently and with dignity defend their rights without
infringing on the rights of others.
•The one with assertive behavior is aware of and knows how to
express their feelings, desires, can stand up for their values, and at the
same time feels comfortable communicating with others.
•A person’s level of assertiveness positively correlates with their
psychological health and self-esteem. If a person is psychologically
healthy and has no problems with self-esteem, they are most likely
assertive, and vice versa.

60. Efficacy in communication
60
Assertive Behavior Principles
•Taking responsibility for your own
behavior.
•Demonstrating self-respect and respect
for others.
•Communicating effectively.
•Demonstrating confidence and a positive
attitude. Being a good listener and
understanding.
•Negotiating and reaching a working
compromise.

61. 61
Assertive
person can:
Express their wishes, point of view
say “no”
give compliments
accept praise
negotiate
stand up for yourself

62. References
62
• https://lifediary.ru/kak-izmenit-sebja/kak-povysit-samoocenku/
• https://hbr.org/2018/01/what-self-awareness-really-is-and-how-to-cultivate-it
• https://positivepsychology.com/resilience-activities-exercises/
• https://spravochnick.ru/psihologiya/tehniki_obscheniya_v_psihologii/
• https://blog.cognifit.com/ru/%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9 -
%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82 -
%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B5/
• https://goal-life.com/page/advice/nachat-samorazvitie
• https://piter-trening.ru/6-realnyh-tehnik-kommunikatsii-vash-klyuch-k-ponimaniyu/
• https://www.consultclarity.org/post/paraphrasing-in-communication-skills
• https://www.forbes.com/sites/dianehamilton/2024/10/22/the-secret-to-better-communication-stop-assuming-start-rephrasing/
• https://oratoryclub.com/silence-in-communication/
• https://happy-job.ru/blog/kollegi/17-fraz-motiviruyuschey-pokhvaly-dlya-kolleg/

63. HOMEWORK?
63

64. ◉Personal development (explain any theory of personal development that looks interesting to you).
◉Personal development (find and describe 1 practice that can bring into life as a habit and it will lead
you to a development in 1 important sphere).
◉Write your own self-development plan for 5 years (7-10 stages/aims and how you will move to
them).
◉Analyze how to develop self-awareness and explain its potential benefits in a professional career.
◉Describe the SMART goal-setting method and provide examples of its use in personal projects.
◉Write about methods to build confidence and how it impacts personal success.
◉What are the most effective time management strategies for students and young professionals in the
tech field?
Task for the seminar-6
64SEND TO: [email protected]
Do your own writing, using existing sources, but brining your own
true reflection with one of the next topics. Choose 2-4 topics at all.1

65. ◉Find and explain 2-3 practical technique that may improve
communication (be ready to present the technique at class).
◉Why is active listening important, and how can it influence
relationships within a team?
◉How can empathy be developed in everyday communication, and
why is it important?
◉Write an essay on “Assertive communication: expressing oneself
while respecting others.”
Task for the seminar-6
65SEND TO: [email protected]
2
Do your own writing, using existing sources, but brining your own
true reflection with one of the next topics. Choose 2-4 topics at all.

66. 66
In the SUBJECTof the letter,
it is MANDATORYto indicate:
<Group> -<First Name Last Name> -<Work Subject>
Example:
IT2-2021 -Maria Kukushkina–WEEK6 (Self-development).
Task for the seminar
SEND TO: [email protected]

67. Any questions?
You can find me at
◉[email protected]
Thanks!
67