ITWRBS_presentation_worldreligion Buddhism.pptx

ITWRBS_presentation_worldreligion Buddhism.pptx

1. INTRODUCTION TO WORLD RELIGIONS AND BELIEF SYSTEMS AERON JOHN A. AMIN, MST Subject Teacher

2. B UDDHISM

3. BUDDHISM 560 BCE Buddhism is a religion that is not based on the idea of God—it’s more of a way of life, so it is actually a philosophy, but most people still call Buddhism a religion.

4. SIDDHARTHA GAUTAMA 563 BCE THE ENLIGHTENED ONE A “Buddha” is a person who discovers the true understanding of life through years of spiritual investigation and studying using meditation. He basically said, 'life is suffering... but there is a path to end the suffering” Siddhartha’s teaching is what he called his dharma from Hinduism.

5. SIMILARITIES OF HINDUISM AND BUDDHISM Cyclical timelines – both maintain that the universe is eternal with ages of creation and destruction following upon each other. Both are believed to be “eternal” religions (they have come to be and passed away over and over again). Many worlds exist among this cyclical time scheme. Various heavens are inhabited by Gods and Goddesses and hells are inhabited by demons. Between them are middle realms including those of animals and humans.  Liberation (moksha or nirvana) from samsara (rebirth in one realm or another) is central to both.

6. DIFFERENCES OF HINDUISM AND BUDDHISM Hinduism is more speculative and focused on ritual while Buddhism is practical and focused on direct inward observation of the human condition.   Buddha taught that questions about the existence of God were for individuals to deal with.   The Buddha rejected all systems of class or hierarchy.   Earliest sacred texts of Buddhism were written in Pali (a local dialect) vs. Sanskrit (the language of priests).   The Buddha believed that through self effort Nirvana could be reached in one lifetime, regardless of one’s position in society.

7. BUDDHISM BELIEVES THAT.. End Suffering Personal Responsibility Samsara Dharma Men and women in Buddhism

8. THREE MARKS OF EXISTENCE

9. The Three Marks of Existence (Creed) Anicca (impermanence) – is the Buddhist idea that the world is in constant flux and that nothing stays the same. Impermanence can be applied to everything and everyone on the face of the earth and excludes nothing. Q: Are you the same person you were 5minutes ago?

10. Anatta (no-self) – this is the philosophical Buddhist concept that there literally is “no self”. There is no permanent identity or existence.

11. Dukkha (dissatisfaction) – the Buddhist concept that all humans and animals experience suffering. Physical and mental pain are extreme examples of this characteristic. The Buddha taught that there is no such thing as perpetual happiness on earth. This is why he set out to end suffering through reaching Nirvana.

12. The Four Noble Truths (Creed) To live is to Suffer (life is suffering). The cause of suffering is desire and attachment to impermanent things. Suffering can be brought to an end. The solution to suffering is the Noble Eightfold Path.

13. Mahayana buddHism

14. MAHAYANA BUDDHISM Mahayana Buddhism has diverged into numerous schools with each developing its own canon and rituals since its founding more than two thousand years ago. “Great Vehicle”

15. The Mahasamghika (“of the Great Sangha”), one of the early Buddhist schools, may have been the source for the initial growth of Mahayana Buddhism, especially during the “Second Buddhist Council” that occured a hundred years after Buddha’s parinirvana . HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

16. The Mahasamghika (“of Mahayana Buddhists believed that Siddhartha secretly taught key principles to chosen people to his most dedicated disciples of, or to the most faithful who could completely interpret these teachings in time ( Hopfe 1983; losch 2001) cont..

17. Mahayana Buddhists forwarded the concept that Siddhartha Gautama was actually a benevolent celestial being, not just a mere human being. Mahayana Buddhists advanced the radical idea that Siddhartha Gautama was not the only Buddha. cont..

18. The canon of Mahayana Buddhism consists of Tripitaka namely; Vinaya Pitaka (Discipline) Sutra Pitaka (Discourse) Abhidharma Pitaka (Ultimate Discourse) SACRED SCRIPTURE

19. Mahayana Buddhism adapted the Sanskrit usage rather than Pali form of common terms strictly used in Theravada Buddhism. Lotus Sutra, or the Saddharmapundarika -sutra that literally means “correct dharma white lotus sutra” or Sutra of the Lotus of the Wonderful Law” in Sanskrit. SACRED SCRIPTURE

20. Sutra - pertains to one of the discourses of the historical buddha that comprise the basic text of buddhist sacred writing.

21. BELIEFS AND DOCTRINES The concept of trikaya (“three bodies”) pertains to tha teaching of Mahayana Buddhism about the nature of the Buddha and reality. Dharmakaya Sambhogakaya Nirmanakaya

22. Bodhisattvas One distinct feature of Mahayana Buddhism concerns its teaching about an enlightened being or bodhisattva (“enlightened existence”) which is the ultimate way for any Buddhist to live in this word. generated bodhicitta or the spontaneous desire to achieve the state of being enlightened.

23. In buddhist temples, they pray and chant to pay their respect to the Buddhas and bodhisattvas, such as Avalokiteshvara , Manjushri, and Amitabha. They also offer vegetarian food and light incense to pay homage to these important divine beings. WORSHIP AND OBSERVANCES

24. THERAVADA buddHism

25. THERAVADA BUDDHISM Theravada Buddhism, the "Doctrine of the Elders," is one of the three major sects of Buddhism. It emerged out of a series of schisms that began in the 4th century B.C.E. in the Buddhist communities of India and became prominent in Sri Lanka and southeast Asia including Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, and Laos, which has led some to call it Southern Buddhism.

26. Pali as a sacred language. Pali Buddhist cañon (also called Tipitaka) as the highest scriptural authority, which was written around the first century BCE. SACRED SCRIPTURE

27. The Pali Canon is divided into 3 baskets (Tipitaka): Vinaya Pitaka of 5 books, Sutta Pitaka of 5 collections (many suttas) and Abhidhamma Pitaka of 7 books. SACRED SCRIPTURE

28. PRACTICES THREE-FOLD TRAINING Sila (Precepts) Sammath (Meditation) Panna (Wisdom)

29. PRACTICES Three stages in the course of Buddhist Education: Pariyatti – Learning Patipatti – Practicing Pativedha - Realization

30. THERAVADA VS. MAHAYANA buddHism