Iv infusion ppt

IV infusion

1. INTRAVENOUS INFUSION PREPARED BY Mrs Silpa Jose T Assistant Professor STCON,KATTANAM

2. D efinitio n o f I V F luids The word "intravenous" as a noun refers to an intravenous fluid drip, a solution (usually a balanced electrolyte solution) administered directly into the venous circulation. Intravenous (iv) therapy is the insertion of a needle or catheter/cannula into a vein, based on the physician ’ s written prescription. The needle or catheter / cannula is attached to a sterile tubing and a fluid container to provide medication and fluids.

3. Indication s o f I V Therapy provide flu id a n d elec t rolyte mai n te n a n ce , re s toration ,  and replacement Administer medication and nutritional replacement Administer blood and blood products Administer chemotherapy to cancer patients Administer key-controlled analgesics Keep a vein open for quick access

4. TYPE S O F I V FLUIDS 1/ colloid: Solutions that contain large molecules that don ’ t pass the cell membranes. When infused, they remain in the intravascular compartment and expand the intravascular volume and they draw fluid from extravascular spaces via their higher oncotic pressure.

5. TYPE S O F I V FLUIDS Volume expanders (Colloid) – Are used to increase the blood volume following severe loss of blood (haemorrhage) or loss of plasma ( severe burns). – Expanders present in dextran, plasma, and albumin.

6. TYPE S O F I V FLUIDS 2/ Crystalloid: Solutions that contain small molecules that flow easily across the cell membranes, allowing for transfer from the bloodstream into the cells and body tissues. This will increase fluid volume in both the interstitial and intravascular spaces ( Extravascular ). It is subdivided into: Isotonic • Hypotonic • hypertonic •

7. TYPE S O F I V FLUIDS Electrolyte solutions (Crystalloid) – Fluids that consist of water and dissolved crystals, such as salts and sugar. – Used as maintenance fluids to correct body fluids and electrolyte deficit . – Divided to different types.

8. Solution s Types 1/ Hypotonic - solutions that have a lower osmolality than body fluids 2/ Hypertonic - solutions that have a higher osmolality than body fluids 3/ Isotonic - solutions that have the same osmolality as body fluids

9. INTRAVENOUS INFUSION DEVICES Cannula IV Tubing set & Solution bag IV Pole and/or Pump Tape

10. IV Administration Set

11. o r D r i p  C on t i nuou s I V Infusion – I V f l u i d s or m e d icat i on s s u c h as aminophylline and heparin are added to IV fluid container and hung at the patient’s bedside and allow to drip slowly into a vein by gravity flow or through the use of electrical battery- operated volumetric infusion pumps. This is slow, primary line infusion of an IV preparation to maintain a therapeutic drug level or provide fluid and electrolyte replacement.

12. Intermittent IV Infusion – This allows drug administered at specific intervals. Three different techniques may be used:

13.  Heparin lock or heparin well system – Heparin lock is a device consisting of an IV needle attached to a short plastic tube which terminates in a rubber seal through which medication is injected or infused at designated times .

14. IV Piggyback  IV Piggyback – Medication is added to a small volume container and connected as a secondary infusion to a primary IV line.

15.  Additive Set Infusion – Use of volume control device designed to administer small amounts of fluids over a specified time period. Usually 30 to 60 minutes, by attaching its fluid chamber to an independent fluid supply or placed directly under the established primary IV line.

16. How to calculate IV flow rates ! Intravenous fluid must be given at a specific rate, neither too fast nor too slow. The specific rate may be measured as ml/hour, L/hour or drops/min. To control or adjust the flow rate only drops per minute are used.

17. How to calculate IV flow rates ! What is a drop factor? Drop factor is the number of drops in one milliliter used in IV fluid administration (also called drip factor). A number of different drop factors are available but the Commonest are: 10 drops/ml (blood set) 15 drops / ml (regular set) 60 drops / ml (microdrop, burette)

18. How to calculate IV flow rates ?

19. IV INFUSION PUMP

20. N u r s i n g c a r e d u r i n g I V F administrations Check the IV solution for the type amount, percent of solution and rate of flow Assess the health status and medical disorders Wash hands thoroughly and use sterile technique Prime the tubing to remove air from the system Change the IV site every 48 – 72 hrs Change the IV dressing every 72 hrs especially when wet and contaminated Change the IV tubing every 24 to 72 hrs Label the tubing, dressing and solution bags indicating the date and time when changed Before adding med or solutions, swab access ports with 70% alcohol In preparing to Administer Intravenous Therapy the nurse selects the most appropriate insertion site and type of cannula for a particular patient Documentation

21. COMPLICATIONS Infection – redness, swelling and drainage at site; chills, fever, malaise, headache Tissue damage – skin color change, sloughing of skin, discomfort at site

22. COMPLICATIONS Phlebitis – heat, redness, tenderness, not hard and swollen Thrombophlebitis – heat, redness, tenderness, hard and cordlike vein

23. COMPLICATIONS Infiltration – Edema, pain, and coolness at the site Catheter embolism – decrease BP, pain along vein, weak, rapid pulse, cyanosis of nail beds, loss of consciousness

24. COMPLICATIONS Circulatory overload – increased BP, distended jugular veins, rapid breathing, dyspnea, moist cough and crackles Electrolyte overload – signs depend on the specific electrolyte imbalance

25. COMPLICATIONS Hematoma – ecchymosis, immediate swelling and leakage of blood at the site, and hard painful lumps at the site Air embolism – tachycardia, dyspnea, hypotension, cyanosis, decreased level of consciousness