JECRC HE-UNIT 3-PPT.pdf this is used for civil

this is use for you education it is a using by engineering to be college this is tobe concered to be college it is to be used for engineering purpose

1. 1
Class –B.Tech Civil ( IV SEM)
Subject –Hydraulics Engineeging
Unit –3
Presented by –Ashish Boraida (Assistant Professor)
AshishBoraida(Assistant Professor) , JECRC, JAIPUR
JAIPUR ENGINEERING COLLEGE AND RESEARCH CENTER
1

2. 1AshishBoraida(Assistant Professor) JECRC JAIPUR
VISION AND MISSION OF INSTITUTE
2
VISION OF INSTITUTE
Tobecamearenownedcentreofoutcomebasedlearningandworktowardsacademicprofessional
,culturalandsocialenrichmentofthelivesofindivisualsandcommunities
MISSION OF INSTITUTE
Focusonevaluationoflearining,outcomesandmotivatestudentstoresearchapptitudebyproject
basedlearning.
•Identifybasedoninformedperceptionofindian,regionalandglobalneeds,theareaoffocusand
provideplateformtogainknowledgeandsolutions.
•
•Offeroppurtunitesforinteractionbetweenacademicandindustry.
•Develophumanpotentialtoitsfullestextentsothatintellectuallycapableandimaginativelygifted
leadersmayemerge.

3. 1AshishBoraida(Assistant Professor) JECRC Jaipur
VISION AND MISSION OF DEPARTMENT
3
Vision
TobecomearolemodelinthefieldofCivilEngineeringforthesustainabledevelopmentofthe
society.
Mission
1)Toprovideoutcomebaseeducation.
2)Tocreatealearningenvironmentconduciveforachievingacademicexcellence.
3)Topreparecivilengineersforthesocietywithhighethicalvalues.

4. 1AshishBoraida(ASSISTANT PROFESSOR )JECRC Jaipur
Introduction, Objectiveand Outcome of Fluid Mechanics
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Objective:
,
The primary purpose of the study of Fluid mechanics is to develop the capacity to understand important basic
terms used in fluid mechanics, understand hydrostatics and buoyancy with practice of solving problems. Student
could be able to understand Kinematics of flow and fluid dynamics, Bernoulli’s equation and laminar flow with
practice of solving problems in practical life for the benefit of society and mankind.
Outcomes
Student will be able to understand Dimensional, Model Analysis and Turbulent Flow with problems.
Student will be able to understand variable Flow in open channels , Gradually and Rapidly Varied Flow.
Student will be able to understand Impact of Jets and hydraulic machines
Student will be able to understand Hydrology, Ground water and Canal Hydraulics.

5. 1AshishBoraida(ASSISTANT PROFESSOR) , JECRC,
JAIPUR
CONTENTS
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Gradually Varied Flow
Dynamic Equation of GVF
Hydraulic Jump

6. 6
GeneralassumptionforGVF
•1.Flowissteady
•2.Thestreamlinesarepracticallyparallel

7. 7
BasicAssumption forGVF
•1.HeadlossforGVFassimilarfor auniformflow
•2.Theslopeofthechannelissmall
-verticaldepthofflowconsiderfrombottom
-cosisequaltounity
-No airentrancetooccurs

8. 8
BasicAssumption forGVF
•3.flowinprismaticchannel
alignment and shape
havingconstant
•4.velocity-distributioncoefficientsareconstant

9. 9
BasicAssumption forGVF
•5.SimilarlyforGVF,conveyanceKandsectionfactorZare
exponentialfunctionsofthedepthofflow
•6.roughnesscoefficientisindependentofdepthand
constantthroughoutthechannelreach

10. DynamicequationofGraduallyvariedflow
•Considertheprofileofgradually
variedflow
•dxelementarylengthoftheopen
channel
•Now,total head above the
datum of the channel
dx
10
Fig.01
.............(1)

11. DynamicequationofGVF
•Taking the bottom of the channel as x-axis and differentiating
equation (1) with respect to x, we get
..............(2)
NowS
fistheslopeofenergyline,itisassumedtobepositiveifitis
descendsinthedirectionofflowandnegativeifitascends.
Hence,fromFig.energyslope(asflowdescending)
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12. DynamicequationofGVF
•Andtheslopeofthechannelbottom
Substitutingthese slopesinquation(1)wefound,
......................(3)
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13. DynamicequationofGVF
......................(3)
This the general differential
equation for gradually varied
flow also known as the dynamic
equation for gradually varied
flow.
Heredepthdis
measuredfromthe
bottomofthe channel
and
channel bottom is considered as
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14. DynamicequationofGVF
......................(3)
•Thus
•S
f =S
0if
•S
f <S
0if
•S
f <S
0if
•In other word water surface profile
parallel to the channel bottom when ,
rising when , and lowering
14

15. DynamicequationofGVF
......................(3)
For small, cos1, andd yand
Puttingthesevaluesinequation(3)weget,
....................(4)
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16. DynamicequationofGVF
....................(4)
•Theterminthevariedflow
equationrepresentsthe
changeinvelocityheadand
coefficienthasbeen
assumedtobeconstantfrom
sectiontosectionofthe
channelreach.
Since, V= Q/Awhere, Q is
constant anddA/dy= T
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17. DynamicequationofGVF
Velocity term,
................(5)
Suppose that a critical fow of discharge equal to Q occurs at the
section, then we can write,
...............................(6)
From equation (5) and (6) we get,
...............................(6)
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18. DynamicequationofGVF
Sowecanrewriteourequation(4) as
...............(7)
From Mannings formula we know, S
When Manning’s or Chezy’s formula express in terms of
conveyance, K the discharge can be written as
 ....................(8)
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19. DynamicequationofGVF
•Suppose that a uniform flow of a discharge equal to Q occurs in the
section. The energy slope would be equal to the bottom slope, and
equation (9) may be written as

Substitutingabovevalueinequation(8),wefoundthat
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20. Thehydraulicjumpisdefinedastheriseofwaterlevel,
whichtakesplaceduetotransformationoftheunstable
shootingflow(super-critical)tothestablestreamingflow
(sub-critical).
Whenhydraulicjumpoccurs,alossofenergyduetoeddy
formationandturbulenceflowoccurs.
HydraulicJump

26. ApplicationsofHydraulicJump
jumpreverses
beusedto
theflowof
mixchemicals
water.This
forwater
Usuallyhydraulic
phenomenon can
purification.
Hydraulicjumpusuallymaintainsthehighwaterlevelonthedown
streamside.Thishighwaterlevelcanbeusedforirrigationpurposes.
Hydraulicjumpcanbeusedtoremovetheairfromwatersupplyand
sewagelinestopreventtheairlocking.
Itpreventsthescouringactiononthedownstreamsideofthedam
structure

27. LocationofHydraulicJump
Themosttypicalcasesforthelocationofhydraulic jump
are:1.Below control structures like weir,
sluice are used in the channel
2.when any obstruction is found in
the channel,
3.when a sharp change
inthechannel slopetakes
place.
4.At the toe of a spillway dam

28. Effect of Hydraulic Jump
Actuallythehydraulicjumpusuallyactsdissipator.Itclearsthesurplusenergyof
water
Duetothehydraulicjump,manynoticeableabledisturbancesarecreatedintheflowingwater
likeeddies,reverseflow.
Usuallywhenthehydraulicjumptakesplace,theconsiderableamountofairistrappedinthe
water.Thataircanbehelpfulinremovingthewastesinthestreamsthatarecausingpollution.
Hydraulicjumpalsomaketheworkofdifferenthydraulicstructures,effectivelikeweirs,notches
andflumesetc.

29. Where,

33. AshishBoraida(ASSISTANT PROFESSOR) , JECRC,
JAIPUR
33