José Rizal, the national hero of the Philippines, was born on June 19, 1861, in Calamba, Laguna.

The Life of José Rizal

José Rizal, the national hero of the Philippines, was born on June 19, 1861, in Calamba, Laguna. He was a polymath, excelling in various fields such as literature, medicine, and the arts. Rizal's intelligence and dedication to education led him to study in Manila and later in Spain, where he earned a degree in medicine at the Universidad Central de Madrid.

As a writer and reformist, Rizal used his literary works to expose the abuses of Spanish colonial rule. His novels Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo became powerful tools in awakening Filipino nationalism. Through his writings, he called for peaceful reforms and equal rights for Filipinos under Spanish rule.

Despite his peaceful approach, Rizal was considered a threat by the Spanish authorities. He was arrested and exiled to Dapitan, where he continued his medical practice, community work, and scientific studies. Later, he was accused of being involved in the Philippine Revolution, which he did not directly support. On December 30, 1896, he was executed by firing squad in Bagumbayan (now Rizal Park), cementing his legacy as a martyr for Philippine independence.

Rizal's life and works continue to inspire Filipinos to value education, freedom, and national identity. His sacrifices paved the way for the revolution that ultimately led to the country's independence from colonial rule.

1. travel of rizal..... Life of Rizal Abroad

2. G roup 6 John Aron Cadag John Icon Gregory Lagat

3. H is Purpose Rizal left Manila without his parents’ consent to avoid detection by Spanish authorities, who viewed reformists as threats. Traveled under the alias “Jose Mercado” to evade suspicion. Educational Advancement: Sought to complete his medical education and specialize in ophthalmology to serve his fellow Filipinos. Cultural and Political Observation: Aimed to study European societies to understand their progress and apply beneficial practices to the Philippines. Advocacy for Philippine Reforms: Intended to gather support and raise awareness about the plight of Filipinos under Spanish colonial rule.

4. First Destination Singapore (May 9,11 1882) Singapore was his first stop on the way to Spain to pursue higher education. Activities: Explored the city's diverse culture and bustling port, marking his first exposure to a multicultural environment. Compared British colonialism (e.g., efficient governance) with Spanish rule in the Philippines.

5. : Crossing the Suez Canal Route: Passed through the Suez Canal (June 1882), a marvel of engineering linking Asia and Europe. Admired Egypt’s ancient history and reflected on the decline of empires. Visited Naples, Italy, and Colombo, Ceylon (Sri Lanka), noting cultural diversity. Discuss how the Suez Canal symbolized global interconnectedness, inspiring Rizal’s vision for the Philippines’ future. Mention his reflections on colonialism after seeing British-ruled Ceylon and Italian history.

6. Spain Spain (1882–1885) Cities: Barcelona → Madrid. Studied medicine at Universidad Central de Madrid. Wrote his first essay abroad, “Amor Patrio” (Love of Country), for Diariong Tagalog. Joined the Propaganda Movement; wrote for La Solidaridad. Authored essays critiquing Spanish friars.

7. France (1885) Paris: Attended lectures, visited museums, and studied ophthalmology. Purpose: Exposure to European liberalism and scientific advancements. Focus: Specialized in ophthalmology under renowned professors ( Dr. Louis de Wecker ) , aiming to address eye health issues prevalent in the Philippines.

8. Germany (1886–1887) Cities: Heidelberg, Leipzig, Berlin. Specialized in ophthalmology; worked with Dr. Otto Becker. Published Noli Me Tangere (Berlin, 1887). Formed lifelong friendship with Ferdinand Blumentritt. Attended scientific conferences and admired Germany’s education system and discipline.

9. European tour European Tour (1887) He wanted to learn from different European countries and apply their best ideas to the Philippines. Switzerland: Admired democratic ideals in Bern/Geneva. Italy: Visited Rome; reflected on historical empires. Austria: Explored Vienna’s cultural heritage.

10. Return to the Philippines (1887–1888) Activities: Prac t iced medicine, faced opposition from friars. He wanted to see the reaction to Noli Me Tangere and support the reform movement. Depar ture: Left in 1888 due to threats, marking the start of his second voyage.

11. Hongkong (February 1888) Purpose: Temporary exile; planned reforms. Activities: Prac ticed medicine and wrote articles that cretique the spanish rule in philippines . Gained insights into British colonial governance.

12. Japan Japan (Februa ry–April 1888) Tokyo: Studied Japanese culture, language, and governance. No tabl e Relationship: Friendship with O-Sei-San. Studied Japan’s rapid modernization under Emperor Meiji.

13. United State (April–May 1888) He wanted to observe American democracy and modernization . Admired technological progress but noted racial discrimination. Cities: San Francisco → New York. San Francisco: Quarantined for a week due to unfounded cholera fears. New York: Visited libraries and met with Filipino expatriates.

14. England (1888–1889) London: Annotated Antonio de Morga’s Sucesos at the British Museum. Purpos e: Reclaim Philippine history from colonial narratives.

15. Belgium and France Belgium & France (1890 –1891) Rizal moved to Brussels and Ghent to write El Filibusterismo (1891) , his second novel. Paris : Attended the 1889 Exposition Universelle.

16. Last Stay in Hongkong Final Stay in Hong Kong (1891 –1892) Activities: Practiced medicine, drafted reform plans. La Liga Filipina : Conceptualized civic organization for reforms. Wrote “Letter to the Women of Malolos” advocating Filipino women’s education.

17. Last Travel Final Return to the Philippines (1892) He wanted to establish La Liga Filipina to push for peaceful reforms. The Spanish government arrested him and exiled him to Dapitan. This eventually led to his execution in 1896, making him a national hero.

18. Summary José Rizal’s travels taught him invaluable lessons about education, governance, and national identity, shaping his vision for Philippine progress. He realized that education was the foundation of a strong nation, as seen in Europe’s advanced institutions, inspiring him to advocate for learning as a tool for empowerment. Observing good governance in Switzerland and Japan, he understood that a just and efficient government fosters national development, unlike the corrupt Spanish rule in the Philippines. His experiences in British and Spanish colonies showed him that colonialism could either advance or oppress a society, reinforcing his belief that Filipinos deserved self-rule. Through these travels, Rizal gained the knowledge and inspiration to fight for reform, proving that exposure to the world strengthens one's commitment to change.

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