Journlism _Lesson 1 Powerpoint Presentation

JOurnalism PPT

1. Introduction to Journalism
Dr. Jennifer M. Oestar

2. What is journalism?
It is reporting and writing the news and
packaging it for an audience.
It is concerned primarily, with the collection,
dissemination of news through the print media
as well as the electronic media.
It involves various areas of work like reporting,
writing, editing, photographing, broadcasting
or cable casting news items.
It covers the printed media that comes in the
form of broadsheets, tabloids, newsletters and
magazines.

3. Where can you find the news?
Newspapers
Magazines
Internet
TV
Others

4. NEWSPAPERS
The oldest and most traditional
format for the inclusion of
journalism.
They are regularly scheduled
publications containing news of
current events, informative
articles, diverse features and
advertising.

5. MAGAZINES
Are publications containing a variety of articles
that are generally published on a regular
schedule, whether it be weekly, monthly, or
quarterly.
They usually take a must more relaxed format
than newspapers, with a more informal style to
their writing.
The Gentleman’s Magazine is considered as the
first general-interest magazine. It’s editor is
Edward Cave (who wrote under the pseudonym
“Sylvanus Urban’ was one of the very firsts to use
the term magazine.

6. TELEVISION NEWS JOURNALISM,
INCLUDING RADIO
This is also known as News
broadcasting and is produced locally
in a newsroom or by a broadcast
network. It sometimes also includes
additional material as sports coverage,
weather forecasts, traffic reports,
commentary and other material that
the broadcaster considers relevant to
the intended audience.

7. INTERNET
COMMUNICATIONS
Have excelled in the last decade or so, of
course, taking the way news is published
with it.
Everything digitalized versions of the very
newspapers that headed up the first print
media movements hundreds of year ago,
to independent bloggers reporting their
own stories from the comfort of their
own laptops.

8. TENETS OF JOURNALISM
Responsibility
Freedom of the Press
Independence
Objectivity, Truthfulness
and Accuracy
Fairness

9. RESPONSIBILITY
Journalists should always
be aware of their
obligations to their readers
to write the truth whatever
it costs.

10. FREEDOM OF THE PRESS
Freedom of the press
should be safeguarded by
the people of media.
Anything can be written as
long as there is no
infraction to the existing
law.

11. INDEPENDENCE
The services of the journalist
should be committed to the
interest of the general public
and not driven by the interest
of money called
“envelopmental journalism.”

12. OBJECTIVITY, TRUTHFULNESS, AND
ACCURACY
Checking the veracity of the data
and information before they are
published is an example of being
accurate and truthful.
Objectivity is avoiding conflicts of
interest on the treatment of the
articles and on the way
arguments and news are written.

13. GUIDELINES TO ATTAIN A
BALANCED STORY
1.Stick to the facts.
2.Never insert your personal opinion.
3.Be discrete in the use of adjectives.
4.Avoid cheap shots.
5.Somebody with something to say
deserves a forum.
6.Assess your alliances. Remember that
you are an observer, not a participant.
7.Listen to your editor.

14. FAIRNESS
Journalists should always
present both sides of the coin,
both sides of the argument,
both sides of controversial
issues.

15. KILLERS OF BALANCED REPORTING
Yellow Journalism
New Journalism
Advocacy Journalism
Stylistic Journalism
Editorializing

16. YELLOW JOURNALISM
This is simply sensationalizing
a story or an issue.
Presents a little or no
legitimate well-research news
and include exaggerations of
news events, scandal
mongering or sensationalism.

17. NEW JOURNALISM
Associated journalism with
fiction when they described
their work with phrases such as
‘nonfiction novel’ and narrative
techniques of fiction.”
 Journalistic reporting and
writing techniques.

18. ADVOCACY JOURNALISM
Unlike propaganda, is fact-based
but supports a specific point of
view on an issue.
Expected to focus on stories
dealing with corporate business
practices, government policies ,
political corruption and social
issues.

19. STYLISTIC JOURNALISM
Emphasizes imaginative, stylized
writing of stories and considers
newspapers as “the literature of
immediate fact.”

20. EDITORIALIZING
Giving the reporter’s opinion
rather than the fact. It may also
mean the expanding of news
about an insignificant happening
to give publicity to a subject.

21. History of Journalism

22. History of Campus Journ in the
Philippines
The history of campus
journalism in the
Philippines started when
the University of Santo
Tomas published El
Liliputiense in 1890. 

23. History of Campus Journ in the
Philippines
The University of the
Philippines published
The College Folio, now
The Philippine Collegian,
in 1910. 

24. History of Campus Journ in the
Philippines
The Torch of the Philippine
Normal University, The
Guidon of the Ateneo de
Manila University, and The
Varsitarian of the University
of Santo Tomas were also
published two years later. 

25. History of Campus Journ in the
Philippines
Carlos Romulo y Peña edited
The Coconut, the official student
publication of the Manila High
School, now the Araullo High
School. It was published in 1912
and is now considered as the first
and oldest high school
newspaper in the country. 

26. History of Campus Journ in the
Philippines
In 1923, La Union High
School published The La
Union Tab, the first printed
and regularly issued high
school newspaper in the
country. 

27. History of Campus Journ in the
Philippines
The Pampangan, Pampanga High
School, 1925; The Leytean, Leyte
High School 1925; The Rizalian,
Rizal High School, 1926; The
Coconut, Tayabas High School,
1927; The Volcano, Batangas
High School, 1927; The Toil, La
Union Trade School, 1928; 

28. History of Campus Journ in the
Philippines
The Samarinian, Samar High
School, 1928; The Melting Pot,
Tarlac High School, 1929; The
Granary, Nueva Ecija High School,
1929; The Torres Torch, Torres
High School, 1930; and The
Cagayan Student Chronicle,
Cagayan High School, 1931. 

29. History of Campus Journ in the
Philippines
In 1931, 30 out of 106 high schools in
the country had campus newspapers
registered at the Bureau of Public
Schools. In 1950, this number
increased to 169; by 1954, to 253; by
1975, to 500; and by 1986, to more
than 900 newspapers in English and
in Filipino. 

30. Journalistic Models

31. Advocacy Model
Provides news from the perspective of a
political party
This model defined journalism until the
beginning of the 20
th
century, but faded
out as political parties lost power and
mass-circulation newspapers developed
It still exists in things such as magazines
for special interest organizations, and
newsletters

32. Market Model
Provides whatever kind of journalism the
audience demands because what is
newsworthy is determined by advertising
The content is selected here only to make
money
Think tabloids

33. Trustee Model
Journalist determines what the audience
needs to know and delivers
Based on the point that the reader or
viewer does not have the time or skill to
find out everything that is happening, so
they trust in the reporter to do so.

34. Six types of Audiences:
Mainstream: reads local newspapers,
watches local news, is interested in sports
and crime, but not foreign news
Basically Broadcast: gets most news from
local TV and networks such as prime-time
“magazines,”; enjoys health, community,
and crime news
Very Occasional: tunes in only when
something big is happening, (heavily
male audience)

35. Con’t
Constant: watches, listens to, and reads
almost everything; likes all topics
Serious News: relies heavily on National
Pubic Radio, NewsHour, Wall Street
Journal, etc.; likes news and business
magazines
Tabloid: rejects traditional broadcast
news; favors the National Enquirer,
tabloid TV, and tell-all talk shows