Judgment and decree

Know the difference between Judgement and decree as per CPC.
Helpful for students and law professionals.

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1. JUDGEMENT AND DEGREE

2. •ThetermJudgementisdefinedinSection2(9)oftheCodeofCivilProcedure,
1908.
•Ajudgementcontainsfactsofthecase,theissuesinvolved,theevidence
broughtbytheparties,findingonissuesbasedonevidenceandarguments.
•Everyjudgementshallinclude:
asummaryofthepleadings,
issues,findingoneachissue,and
thereliefgrantedbythecourt.
•Thejudgementpronounced,alwaysstatesthereasonsforsuchadecision.
•Onadailybasis,numerousjudgementsarepronouncedandvariouscasesare
disposedofJudgementsplayaveryimportantroleintheworkingofourjudicial
systembecausetheyactasexamplesforcasestocomeinthenearfuture.
Judgement
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3. Pronouncement ofajudgementmeansthatafterthehearingiscompleted,the
judgementshallbeannouncedbytheJudgesinanopenCourt,eitheratonceorat
somefutureday,afterprovidingduenoticetothepartiesortheirlearnedcounsels.
Ifajudgementisnotpronouncedimmediatelythenitmustbepronouncedwithin
30daysfromthedateoftheconclusionofhearing.
However,sometimesitsohappensthatduetoexceptionalandsomeextraordinary
reasons,itmaybedeliveredwithin60daysfromtheconclusionofthehearing.
Itisnotmandatoryforajudgetoreadoutthewholejudgementanditwouldbeenough
ifonlythefinalorderispronounced.
Thejudgeshallputthedateonwhichthejudgementwaspronouncedalongwithhis
signature.
Rule2OrderXXofCPC,1908providesajudgewiththerighttopronouncethe
judgementwhichisalreadywrittenbutisnotpronouncedbyhispredecessor.
Pronouncement of a judgement
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4. Oncethejudgementispronounced:
Thecopiesofthatparticularjudgementshouldbe
immediatelymadeavailabletothepartiesonpaymentof
costsasspecified,
bythepartyapplyingforsuchcopy,ofsuchchargesasmay
bespecifiedintherulesandordersmadebytheHighCourt
(H.C.)SucharuleisspecifiedinOrderXXRule6-Bofthe
CodeofCivilProcedure,1908.
Copy of the judgement
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5. •Onceajudgementisdatedandsignedbythejudgeitcanonlybe
alteredoramendedif:
Therearearithmeticalorclericalerrors.(clericalerrorsreferto
theerrorsmadebyclerksandarithmeticalerrorsrefertoerrors
madeinnumberssuchasaddition,subtraction,multiplicationand
division).
Thereareerrorsduetoaccidentalslipsoromissions(theseerrors
takeplacewhensomeessentialelementisleftunnoticed)on
review(Section114).
Alteration of a judgement/ decree/ order (Section 152)
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6. •ThetermdecreeisdefinedinSection2(2)ofCPC,1908.
•Thedecreeisaformalexpressionofadjudicationbywhichthecourt
determinestherightsofpartiesregardingthematterindispute.
•Adecreealwaysfollowsjudgementandisbaseduponajudgement.
Decree
EssentialelementsofDecree:
•Theremustbeaformaldeclarationoradjudication.
•Theadjudicationshouldbedoneinasuit.
•Determinestherightsofthepartieswithregardtotheissuesindisputein
thesuit.
•Rightshouldbeofconclusivenature.
•Formalexpression
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7. Decree
Preliminary
Decree
Final Decree
Partly
preliminary and
partly final
Decree
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8. •Ingeneralsense,thewordpreliminarymeanspreparationforthemainmatter,initial,
introductory,foundation.
•Inalegalsense,apreliminarydecreeisadecreewherefurtherproceedingshave
totakeplacebeforethesuitcanbecompletelydisposedof.
•Itdecidestherightsofthepartiesinrespecttoalloranyofthemattersofdiscussionbut
itdoesnotcompletelydisposeofthesuit.
•Insuchadecreetherightsandliabilitiesofthepartiestobeworkedoutinfuture
proceedings.
•Apreliminarydecreeispassedinthosecaseswheretheproceedingsaretobecarried
outintwodifferentstages.
•Thefirststageiswhentherightsofthepartiesareadjudicatedandthesecondstage
iswhenthoserightsareimplementedorexecuted.
Preliminary Decree

9. •Ingeneralsense,theword‘final’meanslast,ultimate,
conclusiveordecisive.
•Inlegalsense,afinaldecreeisadecreewhichcompletely
disposesofthesuitandsettlesallthequestionsindiscussion
betweenthepartiesandnothingisleftfurtherfordeciding
thereafter.
•Itisonlysaidtobefinalwhensuchadjudicationcompletely
disposesofthesuit.
Final Decree
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10. •Adecreeissaidtobepartlypreliminaryandpartlyfinalwhenthecourt
decidestwoquestionsbythesamedecree.
•Forinstance,ifthecourtpassesadecreeinfavourofonepartyalongwith
adirectionofinquiryfortheotherparty,theformerpartofthedecreeis
finalwhilethelatterpartisapreliminarydecreeforwhichfurther
proceedingshavetotakeplace.
•Forexample,inasuitofpossessionofapropertywithcompany‘C’,ifthecourt
passesadecreeofpossessionofthepropertyinfavouroftheplaintiffand
directsanenquiryintothecompany‘C’,thentheformerpartofthedecreeis
finaldecreewhilethelatterpartisthepreliminarydecree.
Partly preliminary and partly final Decree
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11. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN JUDGEMENT AND DECREE
Judgement Decree
•Section 2(9)of the Code of Civil Procedure,
1908describes the term judgement.
•Section 2(2)of the Code of Civil Procedure,
1908describes the term decree.
•A judgement is based upon facts. •A decree is based upon judgement.
•Judgment is made prior to decree. •Decree always followsa judgement.
•A judgement containsfacts of the case, the
issues involved, the evidence brought by the
parties, finding on issues(based on evidence
and arguments).
•A decree containsthe outcome of the suit and
conclusively determines the rights of the
parties with regard to the issues in dispute in
the suit.
•Judgement has no types. •A decree is divided into three types.
preliminary
final
partly preliminary and partly final.
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