Kallu_stories-of_BCU_AmityUniversityGwalior.ppt

the ppt have kallu story of bcu in stories for 4th sem.

1. Kullu: Ismat Chughtai
Dr. Balram Uprety
Assistant Professor in English
Department of English
St. Joseph’s College, Darjeeling

2. Does the author give us clues enabling us to
understand Mumani’s actions? Contrast the
characters of the speaker’s mother ‘Amma’ and
Mumani Jan, illustrating from the story.
•Thoughtheauthordoesnotfocusexclusivelyon
Mumani,wecaneasilyunderstandMumani’s
actionsandherroleinKullufromthecluesthat
theauthorgivesus.Mumanihasveryimportant
roletoplayinthestory.Firstly,Mumaniturns
Kulluintoaservant.Kullu,asAmmamakesclear
towardstheendofthestory,wasbroughttothe
narrator’sfamilysothat“hecouldbecome
somebody.”

3. Does the author give us clues enabling us to
understand Mumani’s actions? Contrast the
characters of the speaker’s mother ‘Amma’ and
Mumani Jan, illustrating from the story.
Moreover,MumanibeatsandhumiliatesKullu
whenheinnocentlyexpresseshisdesiretomarry
Salimabi.Lateron,asKullureturnstothetown
asKalimSaheb,theDeputyCollector,Mumaniis
indignantandhorrifiedatthechangedsocial
equation.HeravoidanceoftheDeputyCollector
andherunwarrantedangerandindignation
indicateherguiltandanxiety.Bysayingthatshe
wouldnotmarryherdaughtertoKalimuddinin
spiteofthescarcityofsuitablematch,…….Contd

4. Does the author give us clues enabling us to
understand Mumani’s actions? Contrast the
characters of the speaker’s mother ‘Amma’ and
Mumani Jan, illustrating from the story.
sheshowshervulnerabilityandanxiety.Mumani
relentsonlywhenKalimuddinrestorestheold
classhierarchiesbyaddressingheras“Dulhan
bi”—theformofaddressusedbyKulluwhenhe
wasMumani’sservant.Thissymbolicgivingup
ofhispowerandprivilegedpositionassuagesher
anxietyandpride.ThusMumaniisacomplex
character:sheisexploitativeinthebeginning,…..

5. Does the author give us clues enabling us to
understand Mumani’s actions? Contrast the
characters of the speaker’s mother ‘Amma’ and
Mumani Jan, illustrating from the story.
unsympatheticandunrelentingtowardsthe
end,inspiteofherdiminishedwealthand
pomp.Thespeaker’smother,Amma,however
isauni-dimensionalcharacter.Ammaismore
resilientaboutclasshierarchies:sheeasily
acceptsKulluasapotentialgoodmatchfor
SalimawhenKullubecomesKalimuddinor
KalimSaheb.

6. Are we given any evidence of qualities in Kullu
himself in his background that might explain his
rise to the position of Deputy Collector?
•ThenarratorattheoutsetunderlinesKullu’s
abilitytoworkhard.Evenasamidget,hecan
workasmuchasanadult.AtMumani’s
household,Kulluismadetodotheworkof
“grownman.”ThefactthatKulluisableto
withstandthemultiplerolesasservantisa
testimonyofqualitiesthatexplainhisrisetothe
positionofDeputyCollector.Forexample,the
firstthingthathedoesinthemorningis“toget
thestovegoing.”Then,heputswateronfortea,
andsetsthetableforbreakfast.Thereafter,…..

7. Are we given any evidence of qualities in Kullu
himself in his background that might explain his
rise to the position of Deputy Collector?
hemakes“ahundredroundstothedoorandback
carryingbutter,bread,thenmilkandfinallythe
eggs.Afterthecookpreparesthebreakfast,Kullu
hastomake“innumerable”tripstothekitchen
“lugginghottoastandparathas.”Afterthis,Kullu
ismadetodo“smallerrandsaroundthehouse:”
hepolishesMalihabi’spumps,scoutsforHamida
bi’sribbons,locatesAkhtarBhai’ssocks,recovers
Salimabi’sbookbag,fetchesMumaniJan’skatha
andretrievesAbu’scigarettecasefrombesidehis
pillow.“Inshort,hespunlikeatopuntil….Condt

8. Are we given any evidence of qualities in Kullu
himself in his background that might explain his
rise to the position of Deputy Collector?
everyonehadleftforeithertheofficeorschool.”
Lateron,hewouldwashNanhi’sdirtydiapers,
playwithSafiabi,collectmailfromthepostman,
inquirethenameofthevisitor,andshellpeasor
rinsespinach.Kullubecomesequallybusyat
lunchtime.Insummary,Kullu,accordingtothe
narrator,doesthe“workofabearerandsweeper.”
Moreover,heisanexpertmasseur.
ThroughthedetaileddocumentationofKullu’s
work,theauthorhighlightshisresilience,
resourcefulnessandcapacityforhardwork.……

9. Are we given any evidence of qualities in Kullu
himself in his background that might explain his
rise to the position of Deputy Collector?
Givensuchqualities,Kullu’srisetothe
positionofDeputyCollectordoesnotcomeas
asurprise.

10. “This was all artifice on her part. Only God knew what was
going on in Mumani’s heart.” Does the author give us clues
enabling us to understand Mumani’s actions?
Repetitive.

11. What is the significance of Kullu calling Mumani
Jan ‘Amma’ rather than Dulhan bi at the end of the
story?
•Kullu’s verbal/semantic journey from Dulhan bi
to ‘Amma’ is significant from the standpoint of
class. As a servant of Mumani Jan, Kullu can
address Mumani as ‘Dulhan bi’. Such a form of
address is indicative of class hierarchy in Indian
society.
•However, when Kullu becomes Deputy Collector
and realigns his social position, Mumani betrays
her class anxiety as she refuses to be humbled by
the rise of the ‘midget.’ Though she secretly
desires matrimonial alliance with Kalimuddin, ….

12. What is the significance of Kullu calling Mumani
Jan ‘Amma’ rather than Dulhan bi at the end of the
story?
•herguiltandpridestandintheway.AsKulluisin
lovewithSalima,hesymbolicallyrestorestheold
classhierarchybyaddressingMumanias‘Dulhan
bi.’Therestorationofoldclasshierarchyassuages
Mumani’sclassanxiety.Afteraddressingheras
‘Dulhanbi’KulluproceedstoaddressMumanias
‘Ammabi.’Therecanbetwopossible
interpretationofthisshiftfrom‘Dulhanbi’to
‘Ammabi’.Kullu’sjourneyfrom‘Dulhanbi’to
‘Ammabi’showshissuccessfulrealignmentof
hisclassposition.When‘Dulhanbi’becomes
‘Ammabi’Kulluhasbecomeamember….

13. What is the significance of Kullu calling Mumani
Jan ‘Amma’ rather than Dulhan bi at the end of the
story?
•ofthefamilythroughmatrimonialalliance.
Kullu,aswecansee,restorestheoldhierarchy
(byaddressingMumanias‘Dulhanbi’)onlyto
demolishitinthenextmove.When‘Dulhan
bi’becomes‘Ammabi’,theoldrigidclass
distinctionsstandde-constructedandrejected.
Kulluinfactreclaimsandreassertshisnew
classpositionbyfinallycallinghisformer
mistress‘Ammabi.’

14. What is the significance of Kullu calling Mumani
Jan ‘Amma’ rather than Dulhan bi at the end of the
story?
•Thesignificanceofthisaddressliesinthefact
thatitindicatesthefinalandunambiguous
breakingdownoftheoldclasshierarchythat
definedKullu’srelationshipwiththefamily.

15. How far do the following factors affect the family’s
decision to accept Kullu as a bridegroom?
a)their declining social and economic position
b)A sense of guilt at their earlier treatment of
Kullu
c)Kullu’s present high status
d)The special feeling between Kullu and Salima
It may be realistic to assume that the declining
social and economic position of the family may
have influenced, to some extent, its decision to
accept Kullu as a bridegroom. As Kullu’s rise….

16. How far do the following factors affect the family’s
decision to accept Kullu as a bridegroom?
inpowerandpositionisproportionatetotheirdecline,
itseemsrealistictoassumethatthedeclineofthe
family’sfortunemayhaveaffectedthedecisionofthe
family.
Similarly,theroleofguiltofMumaniJanatherearlier
treatmentofKullucannotbetotallyignored.Though
Mumaniandthefamilyneverarticulatetheirguiltfor
havingwrongedKulluwhenhewasachild,her
avoidanceofKulluwhenhereturnstothetownas
KalimuddinorKalimSahebhintsatthepossibilityof
thefactthatMumanidoesfeelguiltyorashamed.

17. How far do the following factors affect the family’s
decision to accept Kullu as a bridegroom?
Thefourthfactor—thespecialfeelingbetween
KulluandSalima—doesnot,however,figurein
thetext.KulluwantstomarrySalimabecausehe
lovesher.Salima’sfamily,however,wouldnot
havemarriedKulluifhewerenotKalimSaheb.
WhatactuallytipsthescaleinKullu’sfavouris
hishighsocialstatus.IsmatChughtaiinKullu,
wantstoshowthepowerfulroleofclassin
Indiansociety.Theauthorwantstoshowtherole
ofpowerandstatusinoursociety.

18. How far do the following factors affect the family’s
decision to accept Kullu as a bridegroom?
WemustbearinmindthatKullu’s
childlike/childishexpressionofloveforSalima
inviteshumiliationandcorporealpunishment.
ThehugechasmofclassseparatesKullufrom
hisemployers:hisdesireforSalimaistherefore
outrageousandunacceptable.AsaDeputy
Collector,Kullusuccessfullybridgesthegapthat
hadrenderedhimundesirable.Whenthegapis
bridged,theundesirablebecomesthedesirable.
Suchisthehypocrisyofclass-basedsociety.And
thisiswhatChughtaiseekstoexposethrough
thestory.ItisthereforeKullu’shighstatus…..

19. How far do the following factors affect the family’s
decision to accept Kullu as a bridegroom?
thataffectsthefamily’sdecisiontoaccept
Kulluasabridegroom.

20. The story proves that people’s attitude is
dictated by money. Discuss.