Kedarnath Floods 2013 .pptx

The presentation is prepared to study the 2013 Kedarnath incident, starting with basic introduction to disaster, Kedarnath and related incidents that followed one after another. It includes mapping, identifying shortcomings, provide recommendations and analyse the statistics of death and injured persons. Also involves study of the relief forces and organizations involved in the rescue operations. Finally concluded with inferences and suggestions from the study.

1. KEDARNATH FLOODS Submitted to Ar. Deeksha Singh        Prepared by: Ar. Anisha Deb 2 ND semester, 1 st year SAP ID-1000017748 M.PLAN (Urban and Regional Planning) School of Architecture, Planning and Design

2. CONTENTS DISASTER TYPES OF DISASTER INTRODUCTION TO FLOODS, CLOUDBURST AND LANDSLIDES INTRODUCTION TO KEDARNATH FLOODS MAPPING LOCATION, AREA, ZONE DEATH RATE INJURED RESCUE AND RELIEF SHORTCOMING SUGGESTIONS

3. DISASTER Disaster means catastrophe, mishap, calamity or grave occurrence affecting any area from natural and manmade causes or by accident or negligence, which results in substantial loss of life or human suffering or damage to, and destruction of property, or damage to, or degradation of environment and is of such nature and magnitude as to be beyond coping capacity of the community of the affected areas. UNDRR- A serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society at any scale due to hazardous events interacting with conditions of exposure, vulnerability and capacity, leading to one or more of the following: human, material, economic and environmental losses and impacts.

4. TYPES OF DISASTER Cloudbursts are another example of natural causes of disaster, which also occurred in Kedarnath .

5. INTRODUCTION TO FLOODS, CLOUDBURST AND LANDSLIDES Source- https://www.redcross.org/get-help/how-to-prepare-for-emergencies/types-of-emergencies/flood.html#:~:text=Flooding%20is%20a%20temporary%20overflow,Floods%20can%20be%20dangerous, https://www.britannica.com/science/cloudburst, https://www.cdc.gov/disasters/landslides.html#:~:text=Landslides%20occur%20when%20masses%20of,natural%20stability%20of%20a%20slope. Guwahati Floods Cloudburst Landslide One such multi hazard example is of Kedarnath Floods 2013.

6. INTRODUCTION TO KEDARNATH FLOODS Disaster- heavy rains and cloudburst resulted in flash floods and landslides Location – Kedarnath temple area, Rudraprayag district (86 km) Occured in 16 June 2013 Small town- nagar panchayat Kedarnath is surrounded by two holy rivers Mandakini and Saraswati . Most remote of ‘ chota char dham ’ In Proximity to Chorabari glacier Causes of flood Heavy rains and cloudburst Overflow of Chorabari lake (glacier ) Overflow of river waters Source- https://www.indiatoday.in/mail-today/story/kedarnath-survivors-tell-horrific-tales-about-disaster-167313-2013-06-18, https://kedarnathtemple.com/kedarnath-flood-story-and-reason/ Location map showing terrain Location map showing nearby places Site before disaster Site after disaster

7. SOURCE- https://www.indiatoday.in/mail-today/story/kedarnath-survivors-tell-horrific-tales-about-disaster-167313-2013-06-18 Image shows the impact of disaster on housing Situation after the cloudburst Post disaster image of Kedarnath Trekking path to Kedarnath

8. MAPPING SOURCE- https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283318613_Devastation_in_the_Kedarnath_Mandakini_Valley_Garhwal_Himalaya_during_16-17_June_2013_a_remote_sensing_and_ground-based_assessment/figures?lo=1 Image shows pre-disaster and post-disaster mapping of the site, walkways and built up destroyed in disaster

9. MAPPING SOURCE- https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283318613_Devastation_in_the_Kedarnath_Mandakini_Valley_Garhwal_Himalaya_during_16-17_June_2013_a_remote_sensing_and_ground-based_assessment/figures?lo=1 Image showing pathways and building footprint that washed away INFERENCES Unregulated construction and congested street pattern made it easier for destruction. There are no building guidelines No proper planning of settlement Construction in floodplain area

10. LOCATION SOURCE- https://www.indiatoday.in/mail-today/story/kedarnath-survivors-tell-horrific-tales-about-disaster-167313-2013-06-18 Kedarnath temple area, Rudraprayag district (86 km) Location map (Google maps) Location with terrain (Google earth)

11. DEATH RATE SOURCE- https://nidm.gov.in/pdf/pubs/india%20disaster%20report%202013.pdf As per the State Government, a total of 169 people died and 4021 people were reported missing (presumed to be dead) (09 May 2014). 2,845 death certificates were issued by the government About 10,000 people died (Meet Fatewar and Manmeet Kaur , Urban Ecology , p.35) Rescue operation by Indian army across river Homage to martyrs State list of missing people

12. INJURED SOURCE- https://www.indiatoday.in/mail-today/story/kedarnath-survivors-tell-horrific-tales-about-disaster-167313-2013-06-18 Medical camp for victims First aid for Animal rescue 236 injured people as per media report Damage caused report by state government Rescue operation

13. RESCUE AND RELIEF SOURCE- https://nidm.gov.in/pdf/pubs/india%20disaster%20report%202013.pdf 105 satellite phones were distributed by the Government of India to various Central and state agencies (also BSNL). Army , Air Force and Central Paramilitary Forces (ITBP, NDRF) on June 16 A Coordination Committee was formed under the leadership of the Chief Secretary for conducting daily reviews. The State Government established a Missing Persons Cell on June 27 at the Disaster Mitigation and Management Centre (DMMC) at Dehradun. The “missing persons” data was managed with the support of International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) professionals. Facebook and Twitter accounts were opened, where state-wise photographs and other accounts were posted.

14. SHORTCOMING SOURCE- https://www.indiatoday.in/mail-today/story/kedarnath-survivors-tell-horrific-tales-about-disaster-167313-2013-06-18 As per the Indian Meteorological Department (IMD), the rainfall in the State was measured at 385.1 mm, against the normal rainfall of 71.3 mm, which was in excess by 440%. As per the Geological Survey of India (GSI ) , caused the melting of Chorabari Glacier at the height of 3800 metres. Eruption of the Mandakini River causing heavy floods in the Rudraprayag district and adjacent areas. The enormous volume of water also induced to erosion along all the river valleys, which in turn , triggered landslides at a number of places . Image showing variation of river flow before and after cloudburst Inferences Poor crowd management system New construction projects in eco-sensitive zone Deforestation of forests Rapid Construction of dams disturbed the water bodies Poor communication and coordination among the authorities After warning from IMD and GSI, no restriction was imposed in tourist movements.

15. Inferences Poor planning of space No building codes, guidelines Lack of local people’s awareness Image shows before and after condition of Charobari Tal lake from which the flood water came down Image shows before and after condition of Kedarnath Overflow and collapse of the Chorabari Lake which released large volume of water

16. SUGGESTIONS SOURCE- https://www.indiatoday.in/mail-today/story/kedarnath-survivors-tell-horrific-tales-about-disaster-167313-2013-06-18 Government recommendations Flood Plain Zoning Act regulating construction within the flood plain of a river should be implemented strictly. For clearance of all hydro-power and other mega projects in ecologically sensitive regions like Uttarakhand, the Disaster Impact Assessment (DIA) should also be made compulsory besides Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). Landslide risk zonation mapping be completed on priority. Development and enforcement of guidelines, regulations and codes for landslides is critical. Effective stabilization of slopes in shear and weak zones be undertaken using scientific techniques available at national/international levels . A Special Central Programme be undertaken for construction of new roads and renovation of existing roads in a scientific manner. Inferences and suggestions Preparation and implementation of early disaster management and mitigation plan . Awareness and training of public and rescue forces Emergency disaster fund stock Research and technology in field of disaster and related pursuits . Capacity building programmes for people and relief/rescue communities.

17. REFERENCES Disaster report (2023). National Institute of Disaster Management . Available at: https:// nidm.gov.in/PDF/pubs/India%20Disaster%20Report%202013.pdf Disaster_Management_A_Case_Study_of_Uttakhand (2013) gbpihedenvis pdf disaster data . Available at: http://gbpihedenvis.nic.in/PDFs/Disaster%20Data/Disaster%20Data%20Uttarakhand/Papers/Disaster_Management_A_Case_Study_of_Uttakhand.pdf Here-is-what-happened-in-kedarnath-and-rest-of-uttarakhand-in-2013 (2013) Indian express article. Available at: https://indianexpress.com/article/research/here-is-what-happened-in-kedarnath-and-rest-of-uttarakhand-in-2013-5482050/#:~:text=Reportedly%20the%20worst%20hit%20was,toll%20of%20more%20than%205000 Uttarakhand-flash-floods (2013) reliefweb.int/report/India . Available at: https ://reliefweb.int/report/india/uttarakhand-flash-floods-%E2%80%93-report 3-yrs-after-kedarnath-tragedy-number-of-deaths-yet-to-be-ascertained (2016) timesofindia.indiatimes . Available at: https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/3-yrs-after-kedarnath-tragedy-number-of-deaths-yet-to-be-ascertained/articleshow/52768933.cms