Kinship ties and social networkds politics.pptx

The Educational System in the Philippines
Introduction

Education plays a vital role in shaping the destiny of a nation. It is through education that individuals develop their intellectual capacities, moral values, and practical skills, enabling them to become productive members of society. In the Philippines, education has long been recognized as a fundamental pillar for national development. It serves as both a tool for individual empowerment and a mechanism for social and economic transformation. The Philippine educational system has evolved through centuries of historical influences, colonial legacies, and continuous reforms aimed at addressing the changing needs of Filipino learners and the demands of globalization.

This essay provides a comprehensive discussion of the educational system in the Philippines. It traces its historical evolution, explains its current structure, examines significant reforms, and evaluates the challenges it faces today. The essay also explores government efforts and future directions that can strengthen the nation’s educational framework.

Historical Background of Philippine Education

The Philippine educational system is deeply rooted in the country’s colonial history and sociocultural development. Before the arrival of foreign colonizers, education in precolonial Philippine society was informal and community-based. Children learned from their elders through oral tradition, imitation, and participation in communal activities. Education focused on practical skills, moral conduct, and cultural values that sustained everyday life in a tribal and agricultural setting.

During the Spanish colonial period, which began in the 16th century, education became formalized but exclusive. The Spanish missionaries established schools primarily for the propagation of Christianity. Basic literacy was introduced to facilitate religious instruction, and early schools were often attached to churches and monasteries. For the most part, education was limited to the elite and male population, although religious orders later opened institutions for women. The University of Santo Tomas, founded in 1611, became one of the oldest existing universities in Asia, symbolizing the start of higher education in the country. However, the system under Spain was largely elitist and focused on religious and classical studies rather than scientific or vocational learning.

With the advent of American colonization in 1898, the educational landscape underwent a massive transformation. The Americans introduced a public school system, established English as the medium of instruction, and made education more accessible to the masses. Thousands of Filipino teachers were trained, and American “Thomasites” were sent to teach and help build schools. The education system adopted a democratic and secular orientation, emphasizing literacy, civic education, and vocational skills. This period laid the foundation for the current system of public education.

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1. 1 Kinship Ties and Social Networks: Politics of Kinship

2. Politics among Family Members Patriarchal Matriarchal Egalitarian 2

3. This refers to families that hold political power for generations. Political Dynasty Politics among Families in Society 3

4. Two Types of Political Dynasty Vertical political dynasties 4 Politicians from the same family hold different positions in the government at the same time The members of the same family hold the same position over time. Horizontal political dynasties

5. It is the act of giving favor to family members, especially by giving them jobs. Nepotism 5

6. Alliances are made between families to further protect their wealth and power. Cooperation among Families 6

7. Creating alliances is a more common way of forming kinship ties than tracing descent (Claude Levi-Strauss). Cooperation among Families 7

8. It refers to the practice of marrying a member of the same family. Incest 8

9. Political Family Tree 9

10. Political Family Tree What could have pushed these families to run for office? How do these politicians maintain their families’ power and positions in government? What factor(s) makes it possible for them to accumulate more power in society? 10

11. 11 The Political Dynasty in the Philippines LET’S PUT IT THIS WAY

12. Stoplight STOP START CONTINUE 12