Konteks-Sejarah-dalam-Hubungan-nternasional1.ppt

sejarah perkembangan politic dan hubungan international sauté negara

1. The Historical Context of
Contemporary International Relations
Class 3: Introduction to International
Relations
Eva wishanti

2. Introduction
International Relations (IR)
After Two World Wars
War
Realism : state, power
World Politics diversity Pluralism

3. Six Periods of Historical Context of
Contemporary International Relations
1.Before 1648
2.After Westphalia
3.Nineteenth Century Europe
4.Interwar Years
5.The Cold War
6.The Post-Cold War

4. Periodisasi Sejarah Penting dalam HI
History and
Philosophy
A Series of
world events
The world in the
21
st
century
•Greek’s (political)
philosophy
•Renaissance
•First World War
•Second World War
•Cold War
•Changing world
order
•New challenges

8. Before 1648:
The Pre-Westphalian World
•The Sovereignties of the Greek city-states (400 B.C.)
•Imperialism by The Roman Empire (50 B.C –400 A.D.)
•Centralization & Decentralization in the Middle Ages
(400 –1000)
Three civilizations: Arabic, Byzantine, Europe
•The development of transnational networks in the Late
Middle Ages (1000 –1500)
a. Transnational Business Community
b. Individualist & Humanist
c. Writers on Classic Literature

9. Munculnya sistem
Westphalia : Nation -States
•Development of practical sovereignty
Sovereignty by Jean Bodin: absolute and perpetual power
•The Growth of Military Control
The Thirty-years war ⇒ Treaty of Westphalia
•The Emergence of Capitalist Economic System
Adam Smith: Invisible Hand of the Market ⇒ Capitalism

11. Europe in the Nineteenth Century
•The Aftermath of Revolution: Core Principles
-Legitimacy
-Nationalism
•Peace at the Core of the European System
-Solidarity sharing among European
-Fear of Revolution among independent states
-Unification of Germany and Italy
•Balance of Power
Independent European states counteract predominant
states
•The Breakdown: Solidification of Alliances
The end of Balance of Power system

12. Interwar Years and World War II
•Three Empires are Weakened
Russia ⇒ New leader and new ideology
Austro-Hungary ⇒ Replaced by new states
Ottoman ⇒ Reconfigured and ousted from Europe
•Fascism in Germany
-Mobilized support from the masses
-Superior civilization
•The Weakness of League of Nations
-Prevent all future wars
-No political weight, legal instruments, legitimacy

13. The Cold War
•Origins of the Cold War
-The emergence of two superpowers: United States
and Soviet Union
-The incompatibilities in national interests and ideology
-The end of colonial system
-The realization of indirectly conflict
•The Cold War as a Series of Confrontations
-High level tension with no military conflict
-Confrontations between proxies
-Confrontations between two blocs: NATO vs. Warsaw Pact
•The Cold War as a Long Peace
John Lewis Gaddis: to dramatize the absence of war
between superpowers

14. The Post-Cold War
•The Continuity of Glasnost and Perestroika in Soviet
-Glasnost: Political Openness
-Perestroika: Economic Restructuring
•Changes of Soviet Foreign Policy
-Cooperate in multilateral activities to preserve
regional security
-Mark the post-Cold War era
•Iraq Invasion of Kuwait in 1990
-The test of New World Order
-U.N. Security Council ⇒Economic sanctions
•The Disintegration of Yugoslavia
-Disintegrates into independent states
-Bosnia-Kosovo civil war leading to U.N. and NATO
action

15. SUMMARY: Learning from History
•How can we begin to predict what the current era
is or what the future will bring?
•How core concepts of international relations –the
state, sovereignty, the nation, and the international
system-have emerged and evolved over time?