L3- Qualitative - Research (1) Education.pptx

L3- Qualitative - Research (1) Education

1. Qualitative Research LESSON 3 PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1 MR. MARK JEUS C. GUMOP-AS, LPT EMILIO JACINTO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

2. EMILIO JACINTO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL This lesson introduces the meaning of qualitative research, the elements and characteristics. It includes the comparison and contrast of qualitative research types. It also discusses the Advantages or strength and Disadvantages or weaknesses of qualitative research.

3. Most Essential Learning Competency/ ies (MELC) In-Focus: EMILIO JACINTO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL Describes characteristics, strengths, weaknesses, and kinds of qualitative research (CS_RS11-IIIb-1)

4. LESSON OBJECTIVES EMILIO JACINTO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL At the end of this lesson, you should be able to: Define qualitative research Identify the elements, characteristics, and methods of qualitative research Identify the types of qualitative research Compare the advantages and disadvantages of qualitative research

5. EMILIO JACINTO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL PRELIMINARY ACTIVITY (Self-Assessment) Instructions: How knowledgeable are you about your surroundings? How can you know more about people, places, and things in this world? Write your idea of some ways and techniques you know about becoming knowledgeable about a lot of things in this world such as those within your own world, among your friends, schoolmates, loved ones, and so on.

6. DEFINITION OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

7. Definition of Qualitative Research EMILIO JACINTO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL As a curious student you want to know so many things about your surroundings as well as the people, places, and things you find interesting, intriguing, mysterious, or unique. Try looking at the people around you. Perhaps, you are interested in knowing these people's ideas, views, feelings, attitudes, or lifestyle. The information these people give you reflect their mental, spiritual, emotional, or social upbringing, which in turn, show how they view the world.

8. Definition of Qualitative Research EMILIO JACINTO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL Resulting from internal aspects, people cannot measure worldviews but can know them through numbers. Obtaining world knowledge in this manner directs you to do a research called Qualitative Research . This is a research type that puts premium or high value on people's thinking or point of view conditioned by their personal traits . As such, it usually takes place in soft sciences like social sciences, politics, economics, humanities, education, psychology, nursing and all business-related subjects.

9. Definition of Qualitative Research EMILIO JACINTO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL Subjectivity in qualitative research is true, not only for an individual or a group under study, but also for you the researcher because of your personal involvement in every stage of your research. For instance, during interviews you tend to admire or appreciate people's ideas based on their answers or your observations and analysis of certain objects. By carefully looking at or listening to the subject or object in a natural setting you become affected by their expressions of what they think and feel about a topic ( Coghan 2014)

10. Definition of Qualitative Research EMILIO JACINTO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL In a qualitative research, the reality is conditioned by society and people's intentions are involved in explaining cause effect relationships. Things are studied in their natural setting, enough for you to conduce that qualitative research is an act of inquiry or investigation of real-life events. Giving you more concepts about a qualitative research are the following paragraphs that comprehensively characteristics, types, and advantages of this kind of research (Silverman 2013;Litchman 2013; Walliman 2014; Suter 2012):

11. CHARACTERISTICS OF A QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

12. Characteristics of a Qualitative Research EMILIO JACINTO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL 1. Human understanding and interpretation Data analysis results show an individual's mental, social, and spiritual understanding of the world. Hence, through their worldviews, you come to know what kind of human being he or she is, including his or her values, beliefs, likes, and dislikes.

13. Characteristics of a Qualitative Research EMILIO JACINTO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL 2. Active, powerful, and forceful A lot of changes occur continuously in every stage of a qualitative research. As you go through the research process, you find the need to amend or rephrase interview questions and consider varied ways of getting answers, like shifting from mere speculating to traveling to places for data gathering. You are not fixated to a certain plan. Rather, you are inclined to discover your qualitative research design as your study gradually unfolds or reveals itself in accordance with your research objectives.

14. Characteristics of a Qualitative Research EMILIO JACINTO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL 3. Multiple research approaches and methods Qualitative research allows you to approach or plan your study in varied ways. You are free to combine this with quantitative research and use all gathered data and analysis techniques. Being a multi-method research, qualitative study applies to all research types descriptive, exploratory, and explanatory, case study, etc.

15. Characteristics of a Qualitative Research EMILIO JACINTO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL 4. Specificity to generalization Specific ideas in a qualitative research are directed to a general understanding of something. It follows an inductive or scientific method of thinking, where you start thinking of particular or specific concept that will eventually lead you to more complex ideas such as generalizations or conclusions.

16. Characteristics of a Qualitative Research EMILIO JACINTO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL 5. Contextualization A quantitative research involves all variables, factors, or conditions affecting the study. Your goal here is to understand human behavior. Thus, it is crucial for you to examine the context or situation of an individual's life the who, what, why, how, and other circumstances affecting his or her way of life.

17. Characteristics of a Qualitative Research EMILIO JACINTO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL 6. Diversified data in real-life situations A qualitative researcher prefers collecting data in a natural setting like observing people as they live and work, analyzing photographs or videos as they genuinely appear to people, and looking at classrooms unchanged or adjusted to people's intentional observations.

18. Characteristics of a Qualitative Research EMILIO JACINTO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL 7. Abounds with words and visuals Words, words, and more words come in big quantity in this kind of research. Data gathering through interviews or library reading as well as the presentation of data analysis results, is done verbally. In some cases, it resorts to quoting some respondents' answers. Likewise, presenting people's world views through visual presentation (i.e., pictures, videos, drawings, and graphs) are significantly used in a qualitative research.

19. Characteristics of a Qualitative Research EMILIO JACINTO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL 8. Internal analysis Here, you examine the data yielded by the internal traits of the subject individuals (i.e., emotional, mental, spiritual characteristics). You study people's perception or views about your topic not the effects of their physical existence on your study. In case of objects ( eg. , books and artworks) that are subjected to a qualitative research, investigation centers underlying theories or principles that govern these materials and their usefulness to people.

20. TYPES OF A QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

21. Types of Qualitative Research EMILIO JACINTO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL 1. Case Study This type of qualitative research usually takes place in the field of social care, nursing, psychology, rehabilitation centers, education, etc. This involves a longtime study of a person, group, organization, or situation. It seeks to find answers to why such thing occurs to the subject. Finding the reason/s behind such occurrence drives you to also delve into relationships of people related to the case under study.

22. Types of Qualitative Research EMILIO JACINTO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL 2. Ethnography Falling in the field of anthropology, ethnography is the study of a particular cultural group to get a clear understanding of its organizational set-up, internal operation, and lifestyle. A particular group reveals the nature or characteristics of their own culture through the world perceptions of the cultural group's members.

23. Types of Qualitative Research EMILIO JACINTO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL 3. Phenomenology Coming from the word "phenomenon, which means something known through sensory experience, phenomenology refers to the study of how people find their experiences meaningful. Its primary goal is to make people understand their experiences about death of loved ones, care for handicapped persons, friendliness of people etc. In doing so, other people will likewise understand the meanings attached to their experiences. Those engaged in assisting people to manage their own lives properly often do this qualitative kind of research.

24. Types of Qualitative Research EMILIO JACINTO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL 4. Content and Discourse Analysis Content analysis is a method of quantitative research that requires an analysis examination of the substance or content of communication (letters, books, journals, photos, video recordings, SMS, online messages, emails, audio-visual materials, etc.) used by a person, group, organization, or any institution in communicating. A study of language structures used in the medium of communication to discover the effects of sociological, cultural, institutional, and ideological factors on the content makes it a discourse analysis. In studying the content or structures of the material, you need a question or a set of questions to guide you in your analysis.

25. Types of Qualitative Research EMILIO JACINTO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL 5. Historical Analysis Central to this qualitative research method is the examination of primary documents to make you understand the connection of past events to the present time. The results of your content analysis will help you specify phenomenological changes in unchanged aspects of society through the years

26. Types of Qualitative Research EMILIO JACINTO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL 6. Grounded Theory Grounded theory takes place when you discover a new theory to underlie your study at the time of data collection and analysis. Through your observation on your subjects, you will happen to find a theory that applies to your current study. Interview, observation, and documentary analysis are the data gathering techniques for this type of qualitative research.

27. QUALITATIVE RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

28. Qualitative Research Methodology EMILIO JACINTO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL Qualitative researchers use their own eyes, ears, and intelligence to collect in-depth perceptions and descriptions of targeted populations, places, and events. Their findings are collected through a variety of methods, and often a researcher will use at least two or several of the following while conducting a qualitative study:

29. Qualitative Research Methodology EMILIO JACINTO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL • Direct observation: With direct observation, a researcher studies people as they go about their daily lives without participating or interfering. This type of research is often unknown to those under study, and as such, must be conducted in public settings where people do not have a reasonable expectation of privacy. For example, a researcher might observe the ways in which strangers interact in public as they gather to watch a street performer.

30. Qualitative Research Methodology EMILIO JACINTO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL • Open-ended surveys: While many surveys are designed to generate quantitative data, many are also designed with open-ended questions that allow for the generation and analysis of qualitative data. For example, a survey might be used to investigate not just which political candidates voters chose, but why they chose them, in their own words.

31. Qualitative Research Methodology EMILIO JACINTO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL • Focus group: In a focus group, a researcher engages a small group of participants in a conversation designed to generate data relevant to the research question. Focus groups can contain anywhere from 5 to 15 participants. Social scientists often use them in studies that examine an event or trend that occurs within a specific community. They are common in market research, too.

32. Qualitative Research Methodology EMILIO JACINTO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL • In-depth interviews: Researchers conduct in-depth interviews by speaking with participants in a one-on-one setting. Sometimes a researcher approaches the interview with a predetermined list of questions or topics for discussion but allows the conversation to evolve based on how the participant responds. Other times, the researcher has identified certain topics of interest but does not have a formal guide for the conversation, but allows the participant to guide it.

33. Qualitative Research Methodology EMILIO JACINTO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL • Oral history: The oral history method is used to create a historical account of an event, group, or community, and typically involves a series of in-depth interviews conducted with one or multiple participants over an extended period.

34. Qualitative Research Methodology EMILIO JACINTO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL • Participant observation: This method is similar to observation, however with this one, the researcher also participates in the action or events to not only observe others but to gain the first-hand experience in the setting.

35. Qualitative Research Methodology EMILIO JACINTO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL • Ethnographic observation: Ethnographic observation is the most intensive and in-depth observational method. Originating in anthropology, with this method, a researcher fully immerses themselves into the research setting and lives among the participants as one of them for anywhere from months to years. By doing this, the researcher attempts to experience day-to-day existence from the viewpoints of those studied to develop in-depth and long-term accounts of the community, events, or trends under observation.

36. Qualitative Research Methodology EMILIO JACINTO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL • Content analysis: This method is used by sociologists to analyze social life by interpreting words and images from documents, film, art, music, and other cultural products and media. The researchers look at how the words and images are used, and the context in which they are used to draw inferences about the underlying culture. Content analysis of digital material, especially that generated by social media users, has become a popular technique within the social sciences.

37. Advantages or Strength of Qualitative Research

38. Advantages or Strength of Qualitative Research EMILIO JACINTO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL It adopts a naturalistic approach to its subject matter, which means that those involve in the research understand things based on what they find meaningful. It promotes a full understanding of human behavior or personality traits in their natural setting. It is instrumental for positive societal changes. It engenders respect for people's individuality as it demands the researcher's careful and attentive stand toward people's world views.

39. Advantages or Strength of Qualitative Research EMILIO JACINTO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL 5. It is a way of understanding and interpreting social interactions. 6. It increases the researcher's interest in the study as it includes the researcher's experience or background knowledge in interpreting verbal and visual data. 7. It offers multiple ways of acquiring and examining knowledge about something.

40. Disadvantages or Weaknesses of Qualitative Research

41. Disadvantages or Weaknesses of Qualitative Research EMILIO JACINTO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL It involves a lot of researcher's subjectivity in data analysis. It is hard to know the validity or reliability of the data. Its open-ended questions yield "data overload" that requires long-time analysis. It is time-consuming. It involves several processes, which results greatly depend on the researcher's views or interpretations.