Lactose intolerance.

basic info about lactose intolerance

1. LACTOSE INTOLERANCE

2. Lactose Lactose is a disaccharide of β-D-galactose and β-D-glucose in β(1,4) linkage. Human milk contains 200mmol/lit of lactose. It is digested by enzyme lactase to form glucose and galactose in the brush border of the intestine.

3. Lactose containing food stuffs Fresh, skimmed , non fat and condensed milk. Cream Yoghurt Cheese Processed foods Stuffings Salad dressings etc.

4. Lactose intolerance Lactose intolerance , also called lactase deficiency or hypolactasia , is the inability to digest and metabolize lactose, a sugar found in milk. Lactose intolerance is not an allergy because it is not an immune response but caused by lactase deficiency.

5. Lactose intolerance Lactose intolerance can occur in any age group or population. However , people of African, Jewish, Hispanic, Asian, Middle Eastern and Native American descent, Caucasians are at risk for developing lactose intolerance.

6. Symptoms Abdominal bloating and cramps Flatulence Diarrhoea Nausea Borborygmi (rumbling stomach) Vomiting (particularly in adolescents).

7. Types of lactase deficiency Primary lactase deficiency is a genetically determined absence or decrease in the enzyme is noted. Jejunal morphology is normal. In non caucasian groups, primary lactase deficiency is abnormal in adulthood.

8. Secondary lactase deficiency Secondary, acquired, or transient lactase deficiency is due to the small intestinal mucosal disease, abnormalities of brush border cells and transport processes. It is often associated with celiac sprue.

9. Congenital lactase deficiency Congenital lactase deficiency is a very rare, autosomal recessive genetic disorder that prevents lactase expression from the first feed. Congenital lactose intolerance is serioue disorder in which the infants may fail to thrive unless given lactose free formula feed.

10. Diagnosis Dietary history of the patient who are complaining flatulance , abdominal pain , diarrhoea. Familial history of the patient. Check whether the patient has underwent partial gastrectomy and other related procedures. Tests – stool acidity test, hydrogen breath tests.

11. Misdiagnosis Irritable bowel syndrome Crohn's disease Food poisoning Gastroenteritis. Celiac disease.

12. Management Avoiding lactose-containing products Alternative products such as Plant-based milks and derivatives are inherently lactose free: soy milk, rice milk, almond milk, hazelnut milk, oat milk, hemp milk, peanut milk, horchata.

13. THANK YOU