LEA-2-COMPARATIVE-MODELS-IN-POLICING-NEW-CURRICULUM.pptx

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1. COMPARATIVE MODELS IN POLICING

2. TRAINING GOAL: This module aims to enhance the knowledge and the skills of students by defining their duties within responsibilities understanding how the PNP works and other law enforcement agencies within the Criminal Justice System including the collaboration of policing of different entities throughout the world, making use of the information and communication technology and enhance appreciation of the importance of the media and community in investigation. Inculcate proper attitude and value are necessary in attaining the organization goal (for future law enforcers) to increase crime solution and conviction.

3. Training objective By the end of the course, the students will be able to: Enhance their understanding on how the comparative Familiarized them of the various issuances that will guide their attitudes and actions as they will perform their duties on the near future Gain an understanding of the tasks, procedures and priorities that need to be considered by the students while learning different policing systems in the world. Appreciate the use and importance

4. comparative POLICE SYSTEM COMPARATIVE POLICE SYSTEM We compare our own police system with other models to be able to gain insights into how to deal with transnational or borderless crimes. Best practices maybe adopted from other police models in order to make policing in the Philippines more current and effective. COMPARATIVE denotes the degree or grade by which a person thing or other entity has property or quality greater or less in extent than that of another. LAW ENFORCEMENT Every nation has its own law enforcement agency called the POLICE

5. * The everyday life POLICE symbolize the presence of civil body politics. They symbolizes the capacity of the state to intervene and the concern of the state for the affairs of the citizenry. POLICE Police are typically responsible for maintaining public order and safety , enforcing the law, and preventing, detecting and investigating criminal activities. Characteristics common to most police forces include a quasi-military organization, a uniformed patrol and traffic control force, plainclothes divisions criminal investigations, and a set of enforcement priorities that reflects the community’s way of life. Administration may be centralized at the national level downward, or decentralized with local police forces largely autonomous

6. POLICING One of the most important of the functions undertaken by the every sovereign government. It is an inevitable organ which would ensure maintenance of law and order, and also the first link in criminal justice system. It is symbol of brute force of authority and at the same time, the protector from crime. Police man get a corporate identity from the uniform they wear, the common man identifies, distinguishes and awes him on account of the same uniform. The police systems across the world have developed on a socio cultural background and for this reason alone huge differences exist between these police system.

7. SYSTEM Combination of parts in a whole; orderly arrangement to some common law; collection of rules and principles in science or art; method of transacting business (Webster) COMPARATIVE POLICE SYSTEM Process of outlining the similarities and differences of one police system to another in order to discover insights in the field of international policing . The need for Innovative Policing * The goal is to test whether the theory and practice in policing needs innovation to meet the demands of the present trends in crime fighting

8. COMPARATIVE CRIMINAL JUSTICE A subfield of the study of Criminal Justice that compares justice system worldwide. It studies the similarities and differences in structure goals, punishments and emphasis on rights as well as the history and political structure of different systems. WHY COMPARE SYSTEMS AND ISSUES IN CRIMINAL JUSTICE? According to Harry Damner there are many reasons why we need to compare but basic reasons are: To benefit from the experience of others To broaden our understanding of the different cultures and approached the problems. To help us deal with the many transnational crime problems that plague our world today.

9. GLOBALIZATION Is a package of transnational flows of people, production, investment, information, ideas and authority. Is the growing interpenetration of states, markets, communications and ideas. THREATHS OF GLOBALIZATION TO LAW ENFORCEMENT Increasing volume of human rights violations evident by genocide or mass killing. The underprivileged gain unfair access to global mechanism on law enforcement and security. Conflict between nations. Transnational crimes networks for drug trafficking, money laundering , terrorism.

10. OPPORTUNITIES FOR LAW ENFORCEMENT 1. Creation of International tribunals to deal with human rights problems. 2. Humanitarian intervention that can promote universal norms and link them to the enforcement power of states. 3. Transnational professional network and cooperation against transnational crimes. 4. Global groups for conflict monitoring and coalition across transnational issues. COMPARATIVE LAW ENFORCEMENT Historical comparative-method = sometimes called historiography or holism. 8 ways to do history 1. The Great Man approach

11. The historical forces approach The crisis of civilization approach The dialectic approach The evolutionary approach The geographic approach The conflict or “who won” APPROACH The serendepijty approach or accidental discovery approach SOCIETAL TYPE AND POLICE SYSTEM FOLF-COMMUNAL SOCIETY it has little codification of law, no specialization among police, and a system of punishment that just let things go for a while without attention until things become too much, and then harsh and barbaric punishment is resorted to.

12. 2 . Urban-Commercial society it has a civil law , specialized police forces, and punishment is inconsistent, sometimes harsh, and sometimes lenient. 3. Urban-industrial society An urban-industrial society not only has codified law but laws that prescribe good behavior , police become specialized in how to handle property crimes. And the system of punishment is run on market principles of creating incentives and disincentives. 4. Bureaucratic Society a bureaucratic society has a system of laws, police who tend to keep busy handling political crime and terrorism, and a system of punishment characteristics by over criminalization and overcrowding. 5. Post-modern society Where the emphasis is upon the meaning of words and the deconstruction of institution.

13. Variable affecting System Comparison on Police System : Urbanization The process of internal migration from the countryside to the cities. COMPARATIVE COURT SYSTEM Two (2) types of Court System of the world: Adversarial where accused is innocent until proven guilty. 2. Inquisitorial where the accused is guilty until proven innocent or mitigated, have most secret procedures.

14. TYPES OF POLICE SYSTEM 1. COMMON LAW SYSTEM they are distinguished by a strong adversarial system where lawyers interpret and judges are bound by precedent. They are distinctive in the significance they attach to the precedent. 2 . CIVIL LAW SYSTEM they are distinguished by a strong inquisitorial system where fewer rights are granted to the accused and the written law is taken as gospel and subject to little interpretation. SOCIALIST SYSTEM Into fulfilling their responsibilities to the state. Islamic system Derive all their procedures and practices from interpretation that characterized by the absence of positive law and

15. THEORIES OF COMPARATIVE POLICING : Alertness to crime theory is that as nation develops people’s alertness to crime is heightened so they report more crime to police and also demand the police become more effective at solving crime problems. 2. Economic or Migration Theory is that crime everywhere is the result of unrestrained migration and overpopulation in urban areas. 3. Opportunity Theory is that along with higher standards of living victims become more careless of their belongings, and opportunities for committing crime multiply. 4. Demographic Theory is based on the event of when a greater number of children are being born.

16. 5. Deprivation Theory Progress comes along with rising expectation. Modernization Theory it sees the problem as society becoming too complex. 7. Anomie and Synomie Theory progressive lifestyle and norms result in the disintegration of older norms that one held people together. MODEL POLICE SYSTEM Continental Policing Traditional in nature base its efficiency in the number of arrest and people put into jail.

17. 2 . Modern System of Policing the measurement of efficiency and effectiveness is based on the absence of crime or low crime rate. TYPES OF LAW ENFORCEMENT Decentralized law enforcement refers to a system where police administrations are independent from one state to another. 2. Centralized law enforcement Police force operating in one country, a country with only one recognized police force which operates entirely in one country. THE MODEL POLICE SWITZERLAND * There is no crime in switzerland

18. the swiss Police is effective in applying the “iron fist. Velvet glove” approach towards criminals. When a poor person commits a crime, the Swiss government go on analyzing the family, education, and employment needs in that poor persons family. They make a long term plan to help the person raise his family out of poverty after he has served his sentence. JAPAN POLICE they implement the KOBAN system also known as Police box or Polibox . IRELAND POLICE known as the “Guardian of the Peace of Ireland” EGYPT POLICE has recorded a zero crime rate. The best example of folk communal or informal justice system.

19. SAUDI ARABIA centralized coordinated police force with singular line of command emanating from the king. PUBLIC SECURITY POLICE – responsible for general policing throughout the country. MUTAWWIUN * a religious police which is directly under the king, and whose main duty is enforcement of Islamic Shraiah . * except the mutawwiun , police force is organized as a single unit in Saudi arabia . CHINA Is another model singular coordinated centralized police force. Ministry of Public security (MPS) FRANCE Is a typical example of a police force with Multiple Coordinated centralized force.

20. Two (2) national law enforcement agencies of France . Police nationale formerly called the Surete – a civilian force; primary responsibility in urban areas; run under the ministry of the interior. Gendamerie nationale Primary responsibility in rural areas and military installations; run under the ministry of Defense and under operational control, for most purposes, of the ministry of the interior. SPAIN NATIONAL POLICE * a typical example of a multiple uncoordinated centralized police force. Policing is based on the principle of “Policing by law” The Guardian Civil (Civil Guard), which is a military force “POLIS and operates mainly in rural areas .

21. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Theres no national police force in the US. Policing is organized on a state and local basis. Decentralized. There are approximately 65 different federal police agencies. Each of the 50 sovereign states has its legislature that enacts criminal statutes under their states constitutions. INDIA Tops the number of Police men in the world countries with 1,032,960 police personnel. In sharp contrast to the British principles of policing by consent, India follows policing by law. Each state has its own police force, whose to echelons are by officers of Indian Police Service, which is a central service.

22. OTHER ENFORCEMET SYSTEM POLICE DETECTIVE * responsible for investigations are detective work. AUXILLIARY Perform administrative duties, such as issuing firearms licenses. SPECIALIZED UNIT Are specialized preventive and detective groups exist within many law enforcement organizations either for dealing with particular types of crime or for situations requiring specialized skills. TRANSNATIONAL POLICING * pertains to all those forms for policing that, in some sense, transgress national borders, * It is distinguished against the terms “international policing” and “global policing”

23. DIFFERENT POLICE ORGANIZATION JAPAN POLICE SYSTEM National Police Agency “ Keihoryo ” – Japanese Police Bureau created within the Ministry of Home Affairs. National Public Safety Commission- It is a government body responsible for the administrative supervision of the police. Composed of the Chairman and five members National Police Agency (NPA) – Headed by the Commissioner – General who is appointed and dismissed by the National Public safety Commission with the consent of the Prime Minister. Regional Police Bureaus – Headed by the Director General, The NPA maintains Regional Police Bureaus as its local organization to carry out part of its functions. Tokyo is under the jurisdiction of Metropolitan Police Department Hokkaido is under the jurisdiction of Prefectural Police.

24. ORGANIZATIONS ATTACHED TO THE NPA The national Police Academy train specialist in respective fields. The National Research Institute of Police Science conducts research and experiments on scientific investigation. The imperial Guard Force it is responsible for escorting the Emperor, the Empress, the Crown Prince and other members of the Imperial Family, and guarding the Imperial Palace and other Imperial facilities . (JAPAN) national Police Agency Ranks The Commissioner General of the NPA (Five Gold Rising-Sun The Superintended General of the MPD (Four Gold Rising-Sun)

25. Superintendent Supervisor ( Keishikan ) Chief Superintendent ( Keishico ) Senior Superintendent ( Keishisei ) Superintendent ( Keishi ) Police Insoector Assistant Inspector ( Keibuho ) Police Sergeant ( Junsabucho ) Senior Policeman ( Junsacho ) Policeman ( Junsa )

26. SINGAPORE POLICE FORCE (SPF) The main agency tasked with maintaining law and order in Singapore Formerly known as the Republic of Singapore Police Singapore has been ranked consistently in the top five positions in the Global competitiveness report in terms of its reliability of police services. Maintains the low crime rrate today despite having a smaller police-citizen ratio compared to other major countries. The SPF is under the control and supervision of the Ministry of Home Affairs. MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS (MHA) it is the ministry of the Government of Singapore responsible for public safety, civil defense and immigration. It is also known as the Home Team.

27. HOME TEAM ACADEMY (HTA) the training institute for various organization of the ministry of Home Affairs. THE ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF THE SPF IS SPLIT INTO TWO (2) Staff Departments Line Functions COMMISSIONED OFFICERS Commissioner of Police Deputy Commissioner of Police Senior Assistant Commissioner Asst Commissioner

28. Deputy Asst Commissioner Superintendent Deputy Superintendent Asst Superintendent Chief Inspector Inspector NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS Senior Station Inspector 92) Senior Station Inspector Station Inspector

29. 4. Senior Staff Sergeant 5. Staff Sergeant 6. Sergeant 7. Corporal 8. Special Constable 9. Constable THE ROYAL HONGKONG POLICE FORCE (HKP) HONGKONG POLICE FORCE Is the first police agency and first to operate with modern policing system in the world. One of the best police force in the world It is under the supervision and control of the Security Bureau of Hong Kong.

30. SECURITY BUREAU It is responsible for a range of activities, including law enforcement, search and rescue and administer various laws in relations to the security of Hong Kong. THE HONG KONG POLICE FORCE * is the finest police agency and first to operate with modern policing system in the worlds. * one of the best police force in the world. * it is under the supervision and control of the Security Bureau of Hong Kong. SECURITY BUREAU it is responsible for a range of activities, including law enforcement, search and rescue and administer various laws in relation to the security of Hong Kong.

31. THE HONG KONG POLICE FORCE Commanded by the Commissioner of the Police Is assisted by two (2) deputy commissioners. 1. Deputy Commissioner – Operations * supervise all operational matters including crime 2. Deputy Commissioner – Management * is responsible for the directions and coordination of the force management including personnel, training and management services. The HKP is organized into six (6) regions Hong Kong Island Kowloon east

32. Kowloon West New Territories North New Territories South Marine Region The Headquarters (Management) is made up of 5 departments: Operations & Support Crime & Security Personnel & Training Management Services Finance, Administration and Planning

33. RANK AND INSIGNIA 1. Commissioner of the Police (CP) Deputy Commissioner of Police (DCP) Senior Asst Commissioner of Police (SACP) Asst Commissioner of Police (ACP) Chief Superintendent of Police (CSP) 6. Senior Superintendent (SSP) 7. Superintendent of Police (SP) 8. Chief Inspector of Police (CIP) 9. Senior Inspector of Police (SIP)

34. 10 . Inspector of the POlice 11. Probationary Inspector of Police (PI) 12. Station Sergeant (SSGT) Sergeant (SGT) Senior Constable (SPC) Police Constable (PC) THE ROYAL MALAYSIAN POLICE (RMP)