learn the history, parts, and functions of microscope

history, parts, and functions of microscope

1. QUARTER 2 Living Things and their ENVIRONMENT

2. LESSON 1 Science Equipment: THE MICROSCOPE

3. LEARNING COMPETENCY Identify the parts and functions, and demonstrate proper handling and storing of a compound microscope.

4. LEARNING TARGETS I can discuss the parts and functions, and demonstrate proper handling and storing of a compound microscope. I can trace the development of microscope. I can manipulate a compound microscope. I can point out the parts of the compound microscope.

5. PRE-ASSESSMENT Refer the students to their textbook “SCIENCE FOR A CHANGING WORLD” pages 126-129.

6. ANSWER KEY 1.A 2.D 3.C 4.D 5.D 6.C 7.B 8.A 9.C 10.D 11.C 12.A 13.C 14.C 15.A 16.A 17.C 18.B 19.D 20.D

7. ACTIVY 2 Looking Beyond What Your Eyes Can See. (Refer on your Science for a Changing World Textbook pages 130-131)

8. ANSWER KEY 1. LENSES 2. PREPARED SLIDES 3. MAGNIFY 4. VISIBLE LIGHT 5. MICROSCOPIC

9. Map of Conceptual Change

10. Right now, this is my idea (Before the lesson, write your thoughts here) Essential Question After the session ( After the lesson, revise your response based on what you learned) Why is the cell considered as the basic unit of life?

11. LESSON 1 Science Equipment: THE MICROSCOPE

12. What is Microscopy? Is the technical field of using a microscope to observe samples or specimen that cannot be seen with the naked eye.

13. BRIEF HISTORY of THE MICROSCOPE

14. is known for his valuable contribution to microscope enhancement and microbiology creation. He observed many things using his microscope including, bacteria, vacuole of the cell, spermatozoa, etc. He is named as the father of microbiology and microscopy. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek

15. built a simple microscope in 1674 with only one lens to examine blood, yeast, insects and many other tiny objects. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek

16. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek

17. It’s not clear who invented the first microscope, but the Dutch spectacle maker Zacharias Janssen (b.1585) is credited with making one of the earliest compound microscopes (ones that used two lenses) around 1600. The earliest microscopes could magnify an object up to 20 or 30 times its normal size. Zacharias Janssen

18. A father- son duo , Zacharias and Hans Jansen, created the first microscope in the 1590s. Hans and Zacharias Janssen

19. Hans and Zacharias Janssen

20. In the year 1625, perfects the principle of the microscope. Galileo Galilei

21. In 1665, an English physicist, looked at a sliver of cork through a microscope lens and notice some “pores” or “cells” in it. Robert Hooke

22. In year 1925, developed the ultra-microscope that could study objects below the wavelength of light and won a Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1925. Richard Zsigmondy

23. The phase- contrast microscope was invented by Frits Zernike in 1932, allows the study of colorless and transparent biological materials. Frits Zernike

24. EARLY 13th CENTURY spectacle makers were producing lenses for glasses. The early simple “microscopes” were known as “ flea glasses ” because they were used to study small insects .

25. 19th CENTURY Little was done to improve the microscope until the middle of the 19th century when great strides were made and quality instruments like today’s microscope emerged.

26. 19th CENTURY

27. 19th CENTURY

28. ACTIVITY 4: Learning Target: I can trace the development of microscope. CHUNK and MATCH

29. VIDEO CLIP

30. What to do? Read and comprehend the paragraphs below. Make a glimpse history of the microscope by copying and filling in the boxes. The first step is done for you. Write your answers in the activity sheet provided.

31. BE READY! QUIZ 1

32. PURPOSE OF MICROSCOPE

33. PURPOSE OF MICROSCOPE To magnify or enlarge the image of tiny objects. The microscopes can magnify objects 40 times, 100 times, and 400 times the size of the object.

34. TYPES OF MICROSCOPE Light Microscope Scanning Electron Microscope Transmission Electron Microscope

35. it is usually found in most schools. It uses compound lenses and light to magnify objects. The lenses bend or refract the light, which makes the object beneath them appear closer. LIGHT MICROSCOPE

36. SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE (SEM) this type of microscope allows scientist to view much smaller objects to be seen with light microscope. SEMs don’t use light waves. They use electrons (negatively charged electrical particles) to magnify objects up to 2 million times.

37. TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPE (TEM) this type of microscope also uses electrons, but instead of scanning the surface the way SEMs do, electrons are passes through very thin specimens

38. BASIC CONCEPTS IN MICROSCOPE Magnification Resolution Depth of Field

39. MAGNIFICATION this refers to the size of an objects as it appears under a scope that it is. Oculars are labeled with their magnifying powers. Oculars magnify 10x (magnification= 10 multiplied by, for instance, 4 for scanning power= 4o times normal size)

40. RESOLUTION refers to how details are rendered. Trying to get a detailed view of the image of the microscope without high resolution is useless. Light is the limiting factor of resolution.

41. DEPTH OF FIELD this refers to the distance through which you can move the specimen and still maintain the focus. When manipulating the microscope, the higher the magnification, the closer the objective is to the slide, that is, the depth of field decreases.

42. PARTS AND FUNCTION OF MICROSCOPE THREE MAINLY PARTS: MECHANICAL, MAGNIFYING, and ILLUMINATING

43. MAGNIFYING PART enlarge the specimen under study (objective lens and ocular lens)

44. EYEPIECE

45. EYEPIECE Also known as the ocular Contains the first lens you look through - usually a magnification of 10x Located on the top of the body tube

46. OBJECTIVE LENSES

47. OBJECTIVE LENSES Used in combination with the eyepiece to provide a range of magnification Magnification ranges from 40x to 400x Located on the nosepiece at the bottom of the body tube

48. MECHANICAL PART supports and controls the movements (base, c-shaped arm and stage)

49. DRAW TUBE

50. DRAW TUBE Holds the ocular lens

51. BODY TUBE

52. BODY TUBE Connects the ocular lens to the revolving nosepiece

53. COARSE ADJUSTMENT KNOB

54. COARSE ADJUSTMENT KNOB Raises and lowers the stage or objective lenses Used only when focusing the low power (4x) objective lens

55. FINE ADJUSTMENT KNOB

56. FINE ADJUSTMENT KNOB Raises and lowers the stage or objective lenses a small distance for exact focusing Used when focusing the medium power (10x) and high power (40x) objective lenses

57. ARM

58. ARM Supports the upper parts of the microscope Used to carry the microscope When carrying a microscope, always have one hand on the arm and one hand on the base. Use two hands!!

59. BASE

60. BASE Supports the whole microscope Used to carry the microscope When carrying a microscope, always have one hand on the arm and one hand on the base. Use two hands!!

61. NOSEPIECE

62. NOSEPIECE Holds the objective lenses Rotates to enable magnification Located at the bottom of the body tube

63. STAGE

64. STAGE Supports the slide The slide contains the specimen or object that you are viewing with the microscope.

65. STAGE CLIP

66. STAGE CLIP Helps to hold the slide in place Usually one on each side of the hole (stage opening) = 2 stage clips The stage opening allows light to pass from the light source to the lenses.

67. PILLAR

68. PILLAR Located above the base that supports the other parts of the microscope

69. INCLINATION JOINT

70. INCLINATION JOINT attaches the arm to the pillar; used for tilting the microscope

71. ILLUMINATING PART regulates the brightness of light (condenser, iris diaphragm, light source)

72. IRIS DIAPHRAGM

73. IRIS DIAPHRAGM Wheel or lever located below the stage opening Regulates the amount of light that can enter the lenses May need to be adjusted based on the thickness of the specimen being studied

74. CONDENSER Concentrates light onto the specimen, then reflects the image to the eyes.

75. MIRROR

76. MIRROR Collects light and directs it to the specimen, then reflects the image to the eyes.

77. LIGHT SOURCE

78. LIGHT SOURCE Provides light necessary for viewing the specimen Usually either a mirror or illuminator Sends light through the stage opening to the diaphragm

79. PROPER WAY OF HANDLING and PROPER WAY OF STORING MICROSCOPE

80. Most microscope issues are caused by incorrect handling. Always hold the microscope by the base and metal support arm when transporting it. Do not pick it up by lightly grabbing the stage, because this may cause the mechanical stage to misalign. If you will be transferring the microscope from one area to another frequently, you might consider acquiring a microscope carrying case. HANDLING A MICROSCOPE

81. STORING A MICROSCOPE When not in use, keep the microscope protected with the dust cover, even if it is placed inside a cabinet. Do not keep it without any eyepiece. This might cause dust to accumulate within the eye tubes, making cleaning difficult. If the microscope eyepiece must be removed, simply wrap the tubes with caps or a plastic bag covered over the eye tube with a rubber band.

82. ACTIVY 5: Learning Target : I can point out the parts of the compound microscope. MICROSCOPIC

83. ACTIVITY 6: Learning Target: I can discuss the parts and functions, and demonstrate proper handling and storing of a compound microscope. MICROSCOPE SCAVENGER HUNT

84. MICROSCOPE SCAVENGER HUNT Materials : Microscope and Microscope scavenger hunt checklist. Procedure: Divide students into small group. Allow the students to explore their microscope. Give each group a scavenger hunt checklist. Tell the students that they need to explain the parts and functions of the microscope listed in their checklist. For each part they need to provide a brief description of its function on their checklist. Once all group are done, each group will share what they write on their checklist in the class.

85. ACTIVITY 7: Learning Target: I can manipulate a compound microscope. ZOOMING into the HIDDEN WORLD

86. ACTIVITY 8: SELF-ASSESSMENT

87. BE READY! SUMMATIVE 1