Learning_activity1_LozanoMacias_KellyDayanna.15614.pptx

Principles of Language Assessment

1. Assessment and Measurement Terms Understanding Key Concepts NRC: 15614 SUBJECT: Assessment and evaluation BY: Lozano Macías Kelly

2. INTRODUCTION. Evaluar a los alumnos suele generar sentimientos encontrados de entusiasmo y nerviosismo. Muchos estudiantes desarrollan actitudes negativas hacia los exámenes por miedo al fracaso, mientras que para los profesores los exámenes son un método habitual para calibrar el aprendizaje. Sin embargo, las evaluaciones no deben verse como una forma de castigo, sino como una oportunidad de aprendizaje y crecimiento.

3. Evaluation vs. Testing Broad and diverse process for assessing student development. Includes questioning, interaction, writing, and reading. Subconscious assessment of student performance. Evaluation Testing Specific method within assessment that measures skills and knowledge. Structured tool with clear techniques and procedures. Examples : multiple choice questions, rubric writing, scripted oral activities.

4. Measurement and Evaluation

5. Formal and Informal Evaluation. Informal assessment is a spontaneous way of measuring progress without the need to use specific grading criteria. Examples of informal assessment include observations, surveys, and oral presentations. This type of assessment builds students' confidence and provides constructive feedback. Formal assessment is structured and objective, designed to measure student performance against specific standards. Examples of formal assessment include tests, quizzes, questionnaires, portfolios, and journals. To be effective, formal assessment must be well constructed and organized, thus ensuring accuracy and fairness in measuring student performance.

6. Formative Evaluation Summative Evaluation Identifies weaknesses and strengths during the learning process. Allows students to manage their learning and close gaps. Examples : Class discussions, weekly quizzes, surveys, homework. Assesses knowledge at the end of a period, such as a course or unit. Often provides a final grade or score. Can motivate or demotivate students . Examples: Final exams, end-of-course projects.

7. Types of Tests Achievement Tests They measure specific skills at the end of a lesson, unit or course. Help diagnose and make decisions about the program. Diagnostic Tests Administered at the beginning of a program to determine skills to develop. They provide a clear picture of course needs. Placement Tests Place students in the appropriate level of the program. Assess productive and receptive skills with open-ended or limited-response questions. Proficiency Tests They assess general proficiency in a language. Divided into sections that assess different skills. They measure the ability to learn a language prior to a course. Examples : MLAT, PLAB, TOEFL .

8. Principios de Evaluación del Lenguaje Practicality Efficient administration of assessment (cost, time, resources ). Examples of impracticality: Too long test, lack of resources. Reliability Consistency in test results. Examples : Physical or psychological factors, inter-rater agreement. Validity The test measures what it purports to measure. Examples : Writing test that assesses writing, not other content. Authenticity Application of knowledge in real situations. Examples : Problem-solving exercises, roles. Washback effect Influence of evidence on teaching and learning. Examples : Knowledge of test format, pre-test feedback.

9. Aplicaciones Prácticas Achievement Test Evaluation of a grammar unit . Diagnostic Test Initial assessment of reading skills . Formative Assessment Weekly quizzes . Summative Evaluation Final course exam .

10. CONCLUSION Assessments are essential tools for measuring and improving learning. Using various forms of assessment can provide a more complete picture of student progress.