Learning ppt

learning - concept ,nature and types of learning learning

1. DR. GANESH DASS D.A.V COLLEGE FOR WOMEN , KARNAL PRESENTATION ON: LEARNING PRESENTED BY : SUBMITTED TO: MAHIMA DR. SHAILINI DEVGAN ROLL NO.- 21008 CLASS- B.ED 1 ST YEAR

2. SCOPE OF PRESENTATION DEFINATION NATURE OF LEARNING TYPES OF LEARNING

3. DEFINATION GARDNER MURPHY : “The term learning covers modification in behavior to meet environmental requirements ”. CROW & CROW : “Learning is acquisition of knowledge, habits and attitudes . It involves new ways of doing things it operates in an individual’s attempts to overcome obstacles or to adjust to new situations. It represents progressive change in behavior .It enables him to satisfy interests to attain goals ”. HENRY P.SMITH : “ Learning is the acquisition of new behavior or the strengthening or weakening of old behavior as a result of experience ”. WOODWORTH : “Any activity can be called Learning so far as it develops the individual (in any aspects, good or bad) & makes his behavior & experiences different from what otherwise would have been”.

4. Above learning definitions have 3 important elements : 1. Learning is a change in behavior for better or worse . 2. It is a change that takes place through practice & experience . 3. Before it can be called learning, the change must be relatively permanent i.e it must last for a long time. Exactly how long cannot he specified, but we usually think of learning lasting for days, months, years in contrast to temporary behavioral effects.

5. NATURE OF LEARNING 1.   Learning is Universal . Every creature that lives learns. Man learns most. The human nervous system is very complex, so are human reactions and so are human acquisition. Positive learning vital for children’s growth and development. 2.   Learning is through Experience . Learning always involves some kind of experience, direct or indirect (vicarious ).   3.   Learning is from all Sides.  Today learning is from all sides. Children learn from parents, teachers, environment, nature, media etc .   4.   Learning is Continuous.  It denotes the lifelong nature of learning. Everyday new situations are faced and the individual has to bring essential changes in his style of behaviour adopted to tackle them. Learning is birth to death.  

6. 5.   It results in Change in Behaviour .   It is a change of behaviour influenced by previous behaviour . It is any activity that leaves a more or less permanent effect on later activity.   6.   Learning is an Adjustment . Learning helps the individual to adjust himself adequately to the new situations. Most learning in children consists in modifying, adapting, and developing their original nature. In later life the individuals acquire new forms of behaviour . 7.   It comes about as a result of practice . It is the basis of drill and practice. It has been proven that students learn best and retain information longer when they have meaningful practice and repetition. Every time practice occurs, learning continues.   8.   Learning is a relatively Permanent Change.   After a rat wake up from his nap he still remembers the path to the food. Even if you have been on a bicycle for years, in just a few minutes practice you can be quite proficient again.

7. 9.   Learning as Growth and Development . It is never ending growth and development. At reach stage the learner acquires new visions of his future growth and news ideals of achievement in the direction of his effort. According to Woodworth, “All activity can be called learning so far as it develops the individual.” 10.   Learning is not directly observable.   The only way to study learning is through some observable behaviour . Actually, we cannot observe learning; we see only what precedes performance, the performance itself, and the consequences of performance.

8. TYPES OF LEARNING MOTOR LEARNING VERBAL LEARNING CONCEPT LEARNING DISCRIMINATION LEARNING LEARNING OF PRINCIPLE PROBLEM SOLVING ATTITUDE LEARNING

9. 1. MOTOR LEARNING Most of our activities in our day-to-days life refer to motor activities. The individual has to learn them in order to maintain his regular life. for example walking, running, skating, driving, climbing, football, etc . All these activities involve the muscular coordination.

10. 2. VERBAL LEARNING This type of learning involves the language we speak, the communication devices we use. Signs, pictures, symbols, words, figures, sounds, etc, are the tools used in such activities. We use words for communication.

11. 3. CONCEPT LEARNING It is the form of learning which requires higher order mental processes like thinking, reasoning, intelligence, etc. we learn different concepts from childhood. Concept learning involves two processes, viz. abstraction and generalisation .

12. 4. DISCRIMINATION LEARNING Learning to differentiate between stimuli and showing an appropriate response to these stimuli is called discrimination learning. Example, sound horns of different vehicles like bus, car, ambulance, etc.

13. 5. LEARNING OF PRINCIPLE Individuals learn certain principles related to science, mathematics, grammar, etc. in order to manage their work effectively. These principles always show the relationship between two or more concepts. Example: formulae, laws, associations, correlations, etc.

14. 6. PROBLEM SOLVING This is a higher order learning process. This learning requires the use of cognitive abilities-such as thinking, reasoning, observation, imagination, generalization, etc. This is very useful to overcome difficult problems encountered by the people.

15. 7. ATTITUDE LEARNING Attitude is a predisposition which determines and directs our behaviour . We develop different attitudes from our childhood about the people, objects and everything we know. Our behaviour may be positive or negative depending upon our attitudes. Example: attitudes of nurse towards her profession, patients, etc. Kind attitude Sorrow attitude