learning.pptx by Ravindra seervi studentjj

LEARNING
PSYCHOLOGY
BY RAVINDRA SEERVI

1. CHAPTER 4 LEARNING

2. INTRODUCTION OF LEARNING Learning starts from the moment of birth and continues till death. Without learning, life becomes completely. Knowledge regarding various aspects of life all comes through learning. Learning has tremendous importance for all.

3. PRINCIPLES OF EFFECTIVE LEARNING EMPHASIS ON RIGHT BEHAVIOR CONC E NT R A TE ON TASK TO BE LEARNT S P E E D AND ACCURACY GUIDANCE AND MOT I V A T I ON

4. TYPES OF LEARNING ON THE BASIS OF DOMAIN Verbal Motor Affective Cognit i ve Skill Serial ON THE BASIS OF METHOD Trial and error Classical conditioning Operant conditioning Social Insight Sign

5. THOR N DIKE’ S TRIAL AN D ERR O R LEARN I NG It states that behavioral responses to specific stimuli are established through a process of trial and error that affects neural connections between stimuli and the most satisfying responses.

6. CLASSICAL CONDITIO N ING Pavlov observed that experimental dogs salivated not only upon eating but when they saw the food, noticed the man who usually brought it, or even heard the footsteps of their feeder.

7. OPERANT CONDITIONING (B F. SKINNER) According to Skinner, behavior that is followed by pleasant consequences is likely to be repeated, and behavior followed by unpleasant consequences is less likely to be repeated. Skinner introduced a new term into the Law of Effect - Reinforcement. Behavior which is reinforced tends to be repeated behavior which is not reinforced tends to die out-or be extinguished.

8. INSIGHT THEORY OF LEARNING Gestalt psychology used the term ‘INSIGHT’ to describe the perception of the whole situation by the learner and his intelligence in responding to the proper relationships.

9. SOCIAL L E ARNING T H E O R Y It relies on role modeling, identification and human interactions. A student nurse can learn by imitating observe the behavior of another nurse. Bandura stated observational learning process and described its two important concepts, i.e. Mediating processes occurs between stimuli and responses. Behavior is learned from the environment through the process of observational learning.

10. FACTORS INFLUENCING LEARNING NATURE OF THE LEARNER NATURE OF LEARNING METHOD NATURE OFLEARNI NG M A TERIAL

11. TYPES OF LEARNING STYLE

12. METHODS OF EFFECTIVE LEARNING WHOLE TO PART RECITATION SPACED VERSUS UN- SPACED OVER LEARNING ROTE LEARNING VERSUS INSIGHT LEARNING QUICK LEARNING VERSUS SLOW LEARNING

13. TRANSFER THEORY OF LEARNING Transfer of learning is the carry-over of habits of thinking, feelings or working of knowledge or skills, from one learning area to another.

14. THEORIES OF TRANSFER OF LEARNING TH E O R Y OF IDEALS THEORY OF GENERA L IZ A TI O N T H E O R Y OF IDENTICAL ELEMENTS

15. HOW TO ACHIEVE MAXIMUM POSITIVE TRANSFER SUITABLE CURRICULUM DUE PREPARATION ON THE PART OF THE LEARNER PROPER METHODS OF INSTRUCTIONS D E V ELO PM E N T OF D ESI RA BLE A TTIT UD E AN D IDEALS DUE PREPARATION ON THE P A R T OF THE TEACHER

16. CHAPTER SUMMARY Learning is any relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs as a result of practice or experience. Thorndike holds that learning consists of forming bonds or connections between stimulus and response. Cognitive learning theories focus on the role of understanding. Transfer of learning the carry over of habits of thinking, feelings or working of knowledge or skills, from one learning area to another.