Lec-07 TSUNAMI DISASTER MANAGEMENT.pptx

Disaster management class note;
Tsunami disaster management;
Tsunami;
Tide vs tsunami;
behavior of tsunami waves;
tsunami risks;
Tsunami waves;
Tsunami guidelines;
Tsunami-class notes;
Tsunami disaster management;
b tech disaster management class notes;

1. TSUNAMI Disaster management Prof. Samirsinh P Parmar Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Technology Dharmsinh Desai University, Nadiad-387001 E-mail: [email protected] Lecture-7

2. Tsunami Tsu – Harbor Nami – Waves Tsunamis are giant waves caused by earthquakes or volcanic eruptions under the sea. Out in the depths of the ocean, tsunami waves do not dramatically increase in height. But as the waves travel inland, they build up to higher and higher heights as the depth of the ocean decreases. DM, Lec-7, SPP, DoCL, DDU-Nadiad, Gujarat, India 2

3. Tsunami It is called seismic sea wave, catastrophic ocean wave caused by earthquake occurring with a magnitude greater than 6.5 on Richter scale. Under sea landslides/ volcanic eruptions may also cause tsunami.

4. Tides Vs Tsunami DM, Lec-7, SPP, DoCL, DDU-Nadiad, Gujarat, India 4

5. Causes of Tsunami Fault movement Landslide under water or originating above the sea and then plunging into water Volcanic activity DM, Lec-7, SPP, DoCL, DDU-Nadiad, Gujarat, India 5

6. DM, Lec-7, SPP, DoCL, DDU-Nadiad, Gujarat, India 6 Causes of Tsunami

7. Causes of Tsunami DM, Lec-7, SPP, DoCL, DDU-Nadiad, Gujarat, India 7

8. Behavior of Tsunami Waves DM, Lec-7, SPP, DoCL, DDU-Nadiad, Gujarat, India 8 Earthquake Shallow Depth Depth of water or height of wave increases as it reaches Sea Shore

9. Adverse effects of Tsunami Local tsunami events or those 30 min from the source cause the majority of damage. Waves withdrawn towards the ocean sweeps out everything and cause destruction and damage. Impact on availability of drinking water. Contamination of open well and groundwater by salt water, debris and sewage. Crop loss due to flooding. Impact on costal fishing community. Loss of livelihood. DM, Lec-7, SPP, DoCL, DDU-Nadiad, Gujarat, India 9

10. Tsunami Facts 24 tsunamis have caused damage in U.S. and territories during past 224 years Wave height ranges: inches to 100+ feet Tsunamis can travel upstream in coastal estuaries and rivers Damaging waves as high as 60 feet extending inland from immediate coast First wave of tsunami is usually not largest 10

11. Tsunami Risks Flooding Contamination of drinking water Fires from ruptured tanks or gas lines Loss of vital community infrastructure Complete devastation of coastal areas Death 11

12. Risk reduction measures Site planning and land management Engineered structures Flood management DM, Lec-7, SPP, DoCL, DDU-Nadiad, Gujarat, India 12

13. Tsunami mitigation measures Construction of large scale submerged sand barriers in water depth about 6 to 8 meters. Developing sand dunes along the coast with sea weeds or shrubs or casuarinas trees for stabilization of the sand dunes. Raising the ground level with natural beach sand so as to rehabilitate the entire coastal village. Development of coastal forest (green belt) by planting casuarinas or coconut trees along the coastline to cover minimum of about 500m width of the beach. Periodical dredging of the inlets and associated water bodies so as to absorb the influx during Tsunami DM, Lec-7, SPP, DoCL, DDU-Nadiad, Gujarat, India 13

14. Tsunami mitigation measures Construction of submerged dykes so as to decrease the impact due to the incoming tsunami. Adopting natural beach nourishment to create steep beach face. Positioning stationary platforms in the backwaters for evacuating the public during tsunami. Creation of sandy ramps at close intervals all along the coast. Vertical evacuation structures in all harbors. Construction of inland dykes to safeguard vital installations. Construction of concrete defense structures to protect installations of national importance stationed on the coast DM, Lec-7, SPP, DoCL, DDU-Nadiad, Gujarat, India 14

15. Tsunami mitigation measures Construction of elevated hutments supported on piles or hardened podiums to allow tsunami run-up to escape beneath the structure. Construction of bypass compound walls to steer the flow away. Construction of seawall (comprising of a stack of rubble) . Establishment of mangrove plantations (as a coastal defense against Tsunami) for communities residing along the estuaries. Construction of tsunami shelters supported by circular RCC columns on a raised ground in high tsunami risk villages. DM, Lec-7, SPP, DoCL, DDU-Nadiad, Gujarat, India 15

16. Tsunami Predictability International and Regional warning system Warning system components and instruments A network of land-based seismic stations for earthquake detection Bottom pressure recorders (to detect and measure changes in water level) Real time tide gauges Generating and updating a high resolution data base on bathymetry, coastal topography, costal land use, costal vulnerability, historic data base on tsunami and storm surge. DM, Lec-7, SPP, DoCL, DDU-Nadiad, Gujarat, India 16

17. Tsunami Alerts: What do they mean? A Watch (least serious level of alert) is issued if the danger level is not known and you should stay alert for more information. An Advisory (second highest level of alert) indicates that strong currents are likely and you should stay away from the shore. A Warning (most serious level of alert) indicates that an inundating wave is possible and evacuation may be suggested. Local government officials will let you know when the danger has passed. DM, Lec-7, SPP, DoCL, DDU-Nadiad, Gujarat, India 17

18. If a Warning is Issued…… If in tsunami risk area, evacuate immediately Follow instructions issued by local authorities Get to higher ground as far inland as possible Listen to NOAA Weather Radio or Coast Guard emergency frequency station Return home only after local officials tell you that it is safe If already out on ocean, be sure to get as far from coast as possible 18

19. When do I Evacuate? If you are near the ocean and feel a major earthquake lasting 60 seconds or more or it’s hard to stand, get to higher ground! You may also notice: – A sudden rise or fall of ocean level. – A loud roaring noise from the ocean. DM, Lec-7, SPP, DoCL, DDU-Nadiad, Gujarat, India 19

20. Tsunami – Do’s and Don’ts If you are in an area at risk from tsunamis Determine if your home, school, workplace, or other frequently visited locations are in tsunami hazard areas. Determine the height of your street and the distance from high-risk waters. Plan evacuation routes, aiming for 30 meters above sea level or 3 kilometers inland. Be prepared to reach your safe location on foot within 15 minutes. Follow posted evacuation routes and local emergency management officials for safety. If your children's school is in an inundation zone, check the school evacuation plan and know if it requires pick-up. Practice evacuation routes at night and during inclement weather. Stay informed about local watches and warnings using weather radios or local radio stations. Consult with your insurance agent about Multi-Hazard Insurance Schemes. Discuss tsunamis with your family to reduce fear and save time in an emergency. DM, Lec-7, SPP, DoCL, DDU-Nadiad, Gujarat, India 20

21. Tsunami – Do’s and Don’ts If you are visiting an area at risk from tsunamis Tsunami evacuation information is crucial for hotels and campgrounds, and it's essential to know designated escape routes. Early warning signals include receding seawater, exposing fish on shallow waters or beaches. Protect your property by avoiding buildings within 200 meters of high tide coastline, making a list of items to bring inside, elevating coastal homes, and taking precautions to prevent flooding. Consult an engineer for more tsunami-resistant home design and consult with professionals for advice. Protect outbuildings, pastures, and corrals, and consider installing or changing fence lines to allow animals to move to higher ground in case of a tsunami. DM, Lec-7, SPP, DoCL, DDU-Nadiad, Gujarat, India 21

22. Tsunami – Do’s and Don’ts If you are at the beach or near the ocean and you feel the earth shake Tsunami evacuation information is crucial for hotels and campgrounds, and it's essential to know designated escape routes. Early warning signals include receding seawater, exposing fish on shallow waters or beaches. Protect your property by avoiding buildings within 200 meters of high tide coastline, making a list of items to bring inside, elevating coastal homes, and taking precautions to prevent flooding. Consult an engineer for more tsunami-resistant home design and consult with professionals for advice. Protect outbuildings, pastures, and corrals, and consider installing or changing fence lines to allow animals to move to higher ground in case of a tsunami. DM, Lec-7, SPP, DoCL, DDU-Nadiad, Gujarat, India 22

23. Tsunami – Do’s and Don’ts What to do after a Tsunami Tsunamis can cause significant damage to roads, bridges, and other areas, making it crucial to stay informed and prepared for emergencies. First aid is essential for injured or trapped individuals, and professionals with the right equipment should be called for rescue. Special assistance is available for infants, elderly people, large families, people with disabilities, and caregivers. To avoid disaster areas, use the telephone only for emergency calls and stay out of buildings if water remains around them. Use battery-powered lanterns or flashlights when examining buildings, as they are safe and easy to use. Look for fire hazards, such as broken or leaking gas lines, flooded electrical circuits, or submerged furnaces or electrical appliances. DM, Lec-7, SPP, DoCL, DDU-Nadiad, Gujarat, India 23

24. Tsunami – Do’s and Don’ts What to do after a Tsunami Check for gas leaks, electrical system damage, and damage to sewage and water lines. If sewage lines are damaged, contact a plumber and contact the water company for safe water. Watch out for wild animals, especially poisonous snakes, and take pictures of the damage for insurance claims. Move mud before solidifying and check food supplies. Expect aftershocks, which can be as large as magnitude 7+ and potentially cause another tsunami. Keep pets under direct control and take measures to protect them from hazards and ensure the safety of other people and animals. DM, Lec-7, SPP, DoCL, DDU-Nadiad, Gujarat, India 24

25. The 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake , known by the scientific community as the Sumatra-Andaman earthquake , was an undersea earthquake that occurred at 00:58:53 UTC (07:58:53 local time) on December 26 , 2004 . The earthquake triggered a series of lethal tsunamis that spread throughout the Indian Ocean , killing large numbers of people. The magnitude of the earthquake was originally recorded as 9.0 but has been upgraded to between 9.1 and 9.3 Recent analysis indicates the number of casualties were 186,983 dead and 42,883 missing, for a total of 229,866 affected This earthquake was also reported to be the longest duration of faulting ever observed, lasting between 500 and 600 seconds, and it was large enough that it caused the entire planet to vibrate at least half an inch, or over a centimeter 2004 Tsunami

26. DM, Lec-7, SPP, DoCL, DDU-Nadiad, Gujarat, India 26 2004 Tsunami December 26, 2004 photo, an aerial view of the Marina beach in Chennai following the massive earthquake in Indonesia triggering tidal waves and flooding parts of coastal India. ( PTI)

27. Tsunami Early Warning Systems in India Establishment of the Indian Tsunami Early Warning Centre (ITEWC ) Technologies used: seismic monitoring, GPS, and sea-level gauges DM, Lec-7, SPP, DoCL, DDU-Nadiad, Gujarat, India 27

28. International Collaborations and Guidelines India’s collaboration with UN agencies (e.g., UNDRR, UNESCO-IOC ) Guidelines from international frameworks like the Sendai Framework DM, Lec-7, SPP, DoCL, DDU-Nadiad, Gujarat, India 28

29. Role of NDMA and Other Disaster Management Bodies NDMA’s guidelines for tsunami management Contributions from SDMAs, NIDM, and local government agencies DM, Lec-7, SPP, DoCL, DDU-Nadiad, Gujarat, India 29

30. References: https:// ndma.gov.in/Natural-Hazards/Tsunami http:// wbdmd.gov.in/pages/tsunami.aspx https:// www.asdma.gov.in/pdf/publication/undp/disaster_management_in_india.pdf https:// openprairie.sdstate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1156&context=greatplainssociologist DM, Lec-7, SPP, DoCL, DDU-Nadiad, Gujarat, India 30

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