Lecture-02-Site Planning 18-09-2023.pptx

Studying site planning carefully is very essential for a good design. Analyzing the site gives key solution to the create a successful design which responds to surrounding development.

1. SITE PLANNING Dr. Eng. Ismail Ibrahim Hajani Date : 18 th Sept. 202 3 1 University of Duhok College of Spatial Planning URBAN DESIGN STUDIO II

2. For every site there is an ideal use For every use there is an ideal site - Site Planning by Kevin Lynch 2

3. SITE - A space or ground occupied or to be occupied by a building or a concentration of building developments or human activities that fall under the same land use category; Through site planning, a site is made suitable for building purposes, human activities, or life sustaining processes; Every site is a unique interconnected web of things and activities that imposes limitations and offers possibilities. A SITE ( “Project Area” or “ Planning Area” ) varies in size, location and characteristics. 3 What is a Site?

4. “Site planning is the allocation of functions in a piece of land to derive efficient utilization of resources at disposal. Useful spaces with respect to functions are being created in the process and the character of site is accentuated” “The art of arranging structures on the land and shaping the spaces between; an art linked to architecture, engineering, landscape architecture and city planning.” - Site Planning by Kevin Lynch 4 Site Planning

5. The art and science of arranging the uses of portions of land. These uses are designated in detail by selecting and analysing sites, forming land use plans, organizing vehicular and pedestrian circulation, developing visual form and material concepts, readjusting the existing landforms by design grading, providing proper drainage, and developing the construction details necessary to carry out the projects -A Guide to Site and Environmental Planning, 1980 by Harvey Rubenstein 5 Site Planning

6. A  site plan  is an  architectural plan ,  landscape architecture  document, and a detailed  engineering drawing  of proposed improvements to a given   lot . A site plan usually shows a building footprint, travel ways, parking, drainage facilities, sanitary sewer lines, water lines, trails, lighting, and landscaping and garden elements. Such a  plan   of a site is a "graphic  representation  of the arrangement of buildings, parking, drives, landscaping and any other structure that is part of a  development project " Source: Wikipedia 6 Site Plan

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8. To achieve a successful design, site analysis is a must & should be done carefully, Gather relevant information about the properties of the site, from topography to climate to wind pattern and vegetation, To learn and practice a logical method of fitting design programs and sites harmoniously. To understand interaction of following factors in design process . i . Natural factors (landscape), ii. Socio-economic forces (planning), and iii. Technological functions (architecture & engineering) 8 Goal of site analysis

9. To Understand the site development process by observing natural and human factors affecting the form and appearance of the environment. To collect information and data concerning planning or design issue To make recommendations for issues at hand. To draw up guidelines for urban planning, architecture and landscape disciplines. To outline how to best minimize land disturbances during construction, and To ensure you can have a cost-effective development in relation to services and existing land uses. 9 Goal of site analysis

10. There are three stages of establishing a site: Site Selection Process The process selects from a list of potential sites one that suits best the given use and requirements of the project. Site Analysis Process This covers inventory of all natural, cultural & aesthetic features of the site. Development Suitability Process This process selects the best possible use and development suited for a given site. 10 Site Assessment Stages

11. 11 Factors influencing site planning 1- Natural Features Geomorphology, Topography, Hydrology, Geology, Soil Genesis, Wildlife, Climate & Vegetation…etc. 2- Cultural & Man-made Features Existing land use, Legal issues, Circulation, Density & zoning, Socio-Economic aspects, Utilities & Historic Factors…etc. 3- Aesthetics & Sensory Features Natural scenery, spatial Patterns, Visual Resources…etc.

12. 12 1- Natural Features "Geographic” Geomorphology: Land forms, soil properties (composition, soil texture, bearing capacity, stability, erosion/ erodability , fertility), physiography,

13. 13 Topography: Elevation, slope,

14. 14 Topography: Elevation, slope,

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17. 17 Hydrology: Surface and ground water, drainage, aquifer recharge areas, depth to seasonal water table, underground water table, springs etc.

18. 18 Geology: is the natural science that studies the Earth – its composition; the processes that shaped its surface; and its history, Seismic Hazards, bedrock, minerals,

19. 19 Soil Genesis: erosion susceptibility, moisture (pF), reaction (pH) organic content, bearing capacity etc.

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21. 21 Climate: Wind, solar orientation, humidity, precipitation, annual rain/snow, humidity, wind direction, solar intensity & orientation, average/highest/lowest temperature.

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25. 25 Vegetation: Plant communities, specimen trees, type, size, location, shade, pattern, aesthetics, ecology …..etc.

26. 26 Wildlife: Endangered of threatened species and habitat,

27. 27 2- Cultural & Man-made Features Existing Land Use: Ownership of adjacent property, off-site nuisance, usage of site, adjacent uses, zoning restrictions, easement …etc. Legal: Land ownership, land use regulations, easements and deed restrictions, Circulation: Vehicular and pedestrian circulation on or adjacent to site, traffic volume, street function (arterial, collector), linkages an transit roads, auto & mass transit routes etc. Density and Zoning: Legal and regulatory controls, Socio-economic factors : population, intensity, educational level, economic & political factors, ethnicity, cultural typology …etc.

28. 28 Utilities: Sanitary, storm-water, water supply, electrical power supply, communications, gas, …etc. History factors: Historic buildings, landmarks, and archaeology, buildings type, size, condition. 3- Aesthetic Features Natural scenery: Trees, mountains, lakes, deserts, significant natural features of the site, rock formations, plant materials……etc. Spatial Patterns: Spaces and sequences, spaces existing, potential for new areas, sequential relationship Visual Resources: Views of the site, views from the site,

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31. Humans have a significant impact on the world environment. It has been said that 60 percent of the earth’s land surface is under the management of people but that 100 percent of the world is affected by the practices of that management. Whether we are aware of it or not, our activities have an effect on the world. 31 Sustainability & Site Design

32. Guidelines & Principles of Sustainable Site Do no harm Make no changes to the site that will degrade the surrounding environment. Promote projects on sites where previous disturbance or development presents an opportunity to regenerate ecosystem services through sustainable design. Precautionary principle Be cautious in making decisions that could create risk to human and environmental health. Some actions can cause irreversible damage. Examine the full range alternatives—including no action—and be open to contributions from all affected parties. 32

33. Design with nature and culture Create and implant designs that are responsive to economic, environmental, and cultural conditions with respect to the local, regional, and global context.. Use a decision-making hierarchy of preservation, conservation, and regeneration Maximize and mimic the benefits of ecosystem services by preserving existing environmental features, conserving resources in a sustainable manner, and regenerating lost or damaged ecosystem services. 33

34. Provide regenerative systems as intergenerational equity Provide future generations with a sustainable environment supported by regenerative systems and endowed with regenerative resources. Support a living process Continuously re-evaluate assumptions and values and adapt to demographic and environmental change. Use a systems thinking approach Understand and value the relationships in an ecosystem and use an approach that reflects and sustains ecosystems services; re-establish the integral and essential relationship between natural processes and human activity. 34

35. Use a collaborative and ethical approach Encourage direct and open communication among colleagues, clients, manufacturers, and users to link long-term sustainability with ethical responsibility. Maintain integrity in leadership and research Implement transparent and participatory leadership, develop research with technical rigor, and communicate new findings in a clear, consistent, and timely manner. Foster environmental stewardship In all aspects of land development and management, foster an ethic of environmental stewardship—an understanding that responsible management of healthy ecosystems improves the quality of life for present and future generations. 35

36. An example of Site analysis 36

37. General Rules: Introduction History of Site General Topography Site Access Vehicular Movement Pedestrian Movement Site & Surrounding Activities Microclimate Existing Structures Existing Infrastructure Existing Natural Resources Surrounding Land use SWOT Analysis 19 37

38. General Topography 38

39. General Topography 39

40. Site Access 40

41. Site Access Access Characteristics Access to the near by settlements Materials Primary and secondary roads 41

42. Main Road Main roads pass–by or around the site Their sizes, types, flow of vehicle 42

43. Pedestrian Access Pedestrian walkways the By-pass road; Connecting roads through to the nearby settlements, plots , farms.. etc .. The By-pass road and the connecting roads through some agricultural land and the By-pass road. 43

44. Activities inside the site Such as farming, industrial 44

45. Microclimate Wind direction , sun, rain … 45

46. Existing Structures & Infrastructure in the site Buildings, cottages….etc. 46

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48. 48 Electricity High Transmission line Train line

49. Existing Natural resources 49

50. Forest , Impervious land, green corridor …etc. 50

51. Forest , Impervious land, green corridor …etc. 51

52. Forest , Impervious land, green corridor …etc. 52

53. Surrounding Land use Residential , commercial , industrial, 53

54. SWOT Analysis 54

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56. Surrounding Land use Patterns of Land use, Surrounding settlements Social backgrounds Economic activities 56

57. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION Any Question? 17