Lecture 1 Farming system scope importance and concept.pdf

Learn about the farming systems in Agriculture

1. Lecture 1
Farming system –scope, importance 
and concept
Lecture 1

2. Farming system? L
an appropriate mix of farm enterprises and the means
availabletothefarmerstoraisethemforprofitability.
L
Itinteractsadequatelywithenvironmentwithoutdislocat ing
theecologicalandsocio-economicbalanceononehandand
attempt
to
meet
the
national
goal
on
the
other
.
attempt
to
meet
the
national
goal
on
the
other
.
L
In its real sense it will help in lifting the economy of
agriculture and standard of living of the farmers of the
countryasawhole.

3. More definitions L
Farmingsystemisaresourcemanagementstrategytoachieve
economic and sustained agricultural production to meet
diverse requirements of farm livelihood while preserving
resource base and maintaining a high level of environment
quality
(
Lal
and
Miller
1990
)
.
quality
(
Lal
and
Miller
1990
)
.

4. L
Farming system is a set of agro economic activities that are
interrelated and interact with themselves in a particular
agrariansetting.Itisamixoffarmenterprisestowhichfar m
familiesallocateitsresourcesinordertoefficientlyuti lizethe
existing
enterprises
for
increasing
the
productivity
and
existing
enterprises
for
increasing
the
productivity
and
profitability of the farm. These farm enterprises are crop,
livestock, aquaculture, agro forestry and agri-horticult ure
(Sharmaetal1991).

5. L
Farming system is a mix of farm enterprises such as crop,
livestock,aquaculture,agroforestryandfruitcropstowh ich
farm family allocates its resources in order to efficiently
manage the existing environment for the attainment of the
family
goal
(
Pandey
et
al
1992
)
.
family
goal
(
Pandey
et
al
1992
)
.

6. L
Farming system represents an appropriate combination of
farm enterprises (cropping systems horticulture, livesto ck,
fishery, forestry, poultry) and the means available to the
farmertoraisethemforprofitability.Itinteractsadequa tely
with
environment
without
dislocating
the
ecological
and
with
environment
without
dislocating
the
ecological
and
socioeconomicbalanceononehandandattemptstomeetthe
nationalgoalsontheother(Jayanthi etal2002).

7. L
Farming system is a decision making unit comprising the
farm household, cropping and livestock system that
transform land,capital and labour into useful products tha t
canbeconsumedorsold(FrescoandWestphal,1988)

8. Specialized v/s Integrated Farming 
system
L
SpecializedFarmingSystem(SFS):Specializationinvolve sthe
intensification of the agricultural activity aimed at
maximization of the production/area/time. This involves
improvement of operational efficiency and speed of
operation/execution
at
each
step
.
The
specialized
farming
operation/execution
at
each
step
.
The
specialized
farming
system is focused on single cropping system or sequence of
farming enterprise like animal breeding, dairying so as to
achieve the highest degree of precision management with
minimaldiversionofresources/attentiontodiversecrops or
enterprises.

9. L
Integrated Farming System (IFS):IFS,a component of FSR
(Farming System research), introduces a change in the
farmingtechniquesformaximumproductioninthecropping
patternandtakescareofoptimalutilizationofresources. The
farm wastes are better recycled for productive purposes in
the
IFS
.
Unlike
the
SFS,
IFS’s
activity
is
focussed
round
a
few
the
IFS
.
Unlike
the
SFS,
IFS’s
activity
is
focussed
round
a
few
selected,interdependent,interrelatedandofteninterli nking
productionsystemsbasedonafewcrops,animalsandrelated
subsidiary professions. IFS envisage harnessing the
complementarities and synergies among different
agricultural sub-systems/enterprises and augmenting the
totalproductivity,sustainabilityandgainfulemploymen t.

10. Mixed farming v/s farming system
Mixed farming Farming system
Objective
Subsistence and 
Higher profitability 
Objective
Subsistence and  welfare of mankind
Higher profitability  and ecological 
balance
Emphasis On gross output on system

11. Key principles Key principles Key principles Key principles F
Cyclic
F
Rational
F
Ecologically sustainable 

12. Cyclic
Organic 
residues
L
The farming system is
essentially cyclic (organic
resources – livestock –
land – crops). Therefore,
management
decisions
livestock
land
crops
management
decisions
related to one component
mayaffecttheothers.

13. Rational L
Usingcropresiduesmorerationallyisanimportantrouteou t
of poverty. For resource-poor farmers, the correct
management of crop residues, together with an optimal
allocation of scarce resources, leads to sustainable
production
.
production
.

14. Ecological sustainable L
Combining ecological sustainability and economic viabili ty,
the integrated livestock-farming system maintains and
improves agricultural productivity while also reducing
negativeenvironmentalimpacts.

15. Scope of Farming System Scope of Farming System Scope of Farming System Scope of Farming System L
Farming enterprises include crop, livestock, poultry, fis h,
sericulture etc. A combination of one or more enterprises
withcroppingwhencarefullychosen,plannedandexecuted
givesgreaterdividendsthanasingleenterprise,especial lyfor
small
and
marginal
farmers
.
Farm
as
a
unit
is
to
be
small
and
marginal
farmers
.
Farm
as
a
unit
is
to
be
considered and planned for effective integration of the
enterprisestobecombinedwithcropproductionactivity.

16. Factors influencing Integration of Farm  Factors influencing Integration of Farm  Factors influencing Integration of Farm  Factors influencing Integration of Farm 
Enterprises  Enterprises  Enterprises  Enterprises 
L
Soilandclimaticfeaturesoftheselectedarea.
L
Availabilityoftheresources,land,labor&Capital.
L
Presentlevelofutilizationofresources.
L
Economicsofproposedintegratedfarmingsystem. Managerial
skill
of
farmer
.
L
Managerial
skill
of
farmer
.

17. Benefits or Advantages of Integrated  Benefits or Advantages of Integrated  Benefits or Advantages of Integrated  Benefits or Advantages of Integrated 
Farming System  Farming System  Farming System  Farming System 
L
Productivity
L
Profitability
L
Potentiality or 
sustainability
L
Balanced food
L
Adoption of new 
technology
L
Saving energy
L
Meting fodder crises
L
Solving fuel and timber 
L
Balanced food
L
Environmental safety
L
Recycling
L
Income round the year
L
Solving fuel and timber  crrises
L
Employment generation
L
Agro-industries
L
Increasing Input efficiency

18. Farming System Concept Farming System Concept Farming System Concept Farming System Concept L
AfarmisasysteminthatithasINPUTS,PROCESSESand
OUTPUTS
L
Depending on the type of farming e.g. arable/pastoral,
commercial/subsistence, the type and amount of inputs,
processes
and
outputs
will
vary
.
processes
and
outputs
will
vary
.
L
Incomethrougharablefarmingaloneisinsufficientforbul k
ofthemarginalfarmers.Theotheractivitiessuchasdairyi ng,
poultry,sericulture,apiculture,fisheries etc.assume c ritical
importanceinsupplementingtheirfarmincome.

20. Time and space concept L
Time concept relates to increasing crop intensification in
situationwherethereisnoconstraintforinputs.
L
Inrainfedareaswherethereisnopossibilityofincreasing the
intensity of cropping, the other modern concept (space
concept)
can
be
applied
.
In
space
concept,
crops
are
concept)
can
be
applied
.
In
space
concept,
crops
are
arrangedintiersystem combiningtwoormorecropswith
varyingfielddurationasintercropsbysuitablymodifying the
plantingmethod.

21. L
Incomethrougharablecroppingaloneisinsufficientforbu lk
ofthemarginalfarmers. Activitiessuchasdairy,poultry, fish
culture, sericulture, bio-gas production, edible mushroo m
cultivation,agro-forestryandagri-horticulture,etc., assumes
critical
importance
in
supplementing
farm
income
.
It
critical
importance
in
supplementing
farm
income
.
It
shouldfitwellwithfarmlevelinfrastructureandensuresf ull
utilization of bye-products. Integrated farming system is
onlytheanswertotheproblemofincreasingfoodproduction
for increasing income and for improving the nutrition of
smallscalefarmerswithlimitedresources.

22. Specific Objectives  L
To identify existing farming systems in specific areas and
accesstheirrelativeviability.
L
Toformulatefarmingsystemmodelinvolvingmainandallied
enterprisesfordifferentfarmingsituations.
L
To
ensure
optional
utilization
and
conservation
of
available
L
To
ensure
optional
utilization
and
conservation
of
available
resources and effective recycling of farm residues within
systemand
L
Tomaintainsustainableproductionsystemwithoutdamagin g
resources/environment.

23. Goals of IFS  Goals of IFS  Goals of IFS  Goals of IFS  L
provide a steady and stable income
rejuvenation/ameliorationofthesystem’sproductivitya nd
L
achieveagro-ecologicalequilibriumthroughthereductio nin
thebuild-upofpestsanddiseases,throughnaturalcroppin g
system
management
and
the
reduction
in
the
use
of
system
management
and
the
reduction
in
the
use
of
chemicals(in-organicfertilizersandpesticides).