Lecture 2 - history of Energy in Egypt.pdf

History of energy in egypt where you can found it

1. Alexandria University

Electric Power System in Egypt

Dr. Mohamed M. Zakaria Moustafa

Department of Electrical Engineering
Faculty of Engineering

History of Engineering Sciences (HS103)

2. Alexandria University

Outlines

e Electric Power System: Main Components;
e Electric Power Stations;
e Electric Power Transmission;

e Electric Power System in Egypt.

History of Engineering Sciences (HS103)

3. Alexandria University

Electric Power System:
Main Components

History of Engineering Sciences (HS103)

4. Alexandria University

Electric Power System: Main Components

GENERATION

4 Electricityis generated at
various kinds of power plants
by utilities and independent
power producers.

TRANSMISSION it
Electric transmission

is the vital link between
power production and L
power usage, Transmission ]
lines carry electricity at high }
voltages over long distances
from power plants to communities. SUBSTATION

a RS
& DISTRIBUTION
SS Electricity from transmission
lines is reduced to lower
voltages at substations, and
distribution companies then

bring the power to your home
and workplace

History of Engineering Sciences (HS10

5. Alexandria University

Electric Power System (Cont.)

Generation Transmission Distribution

e Hydro Power e High Voltage
Station Alternating Current

+ Thermal Power (HVAC)
Station Transmission

+ Nuclear Power e High Voltage Direct
Station Current (HVDC)

+ Renewable Transmission

History of Engineering Sciences (HS103)

6. Alexandria University

Electric Power Stations

History of Engineering Sciences (HS103)

7. Alexandria University

Generation: Hydro Power Station

Inside a Hydropower Plant

Dam Powerhouse
Reservoir

Transformer Power Lines

Generator

Control Outflow

Intake Gate Penstock Turbine

©2001 HowStuffWorks

story of Engineering Sciences (HS103)

8. Alexandria University

Generation: Hydro Power Station

e Green energy;
e Safe;
e Flexible.

e Environmental Consequences;

e Expensive;

+ Seasonal droughts.

History of Engineering Sciences (HS103)

9. Alexandria University

Generation: Thermal Power Station

Oil
Storage

Combustion
Chambers

10. Alexandria University

Generation: Thermal Power Station

Advantages:
e Fuel cost is relatively low;

e Smaller space comparing to hydro and
nuclear power plant;

e Thermal plants can be placed near load
centers unlike hydro and nuclear plants.

Disadvantages:

e Pollution of the atmosphere;
+ Higher maintenance and operational costs;
e Low overall efficiency (~30-40%).

History of Engineering Sciences (HS103)

11. Alexandria University

Generation: Renewable Energy

Wind power station Solar power station

History of Engineering Sciences (HS103)

12. Alexandria University

Generation: Renewable Energy

Advantages:

+ Renewable energy is eco-friendly (produces little or no waste
products such as carbon dioxide or other chemical pollutants);

e It’s a renewable resource (do not deplete over a lifetime);
e Renewable energy has stabilized global energy prices.

Disadvantages:

e The electricity generation capacity is
still not large enough;

e Low-efficiency levels.

History of Engineering Sciences (HS103)

13. Alexandria University

Generation: Nuclear Power Station

7 Switchyard

CONTAINMENT

STRUCTURE Cooling

Towers
Control Rods

Cooling Water

Water
Schematic of a nuclear power station

story of E ng Sciences (HS103)

14. Generation: Nuclear Power Station

Advantages:

e Less uranium is needed to produce the same amount of energy
as coal or natural gas;

e Large capacity per plant, typically
around 1GWatt;

e Reliability: it can run uninterrupted
for up to 540 days;

e Low CO, emissions.

Disadvantages:
+ High initial construction cost;

e Mining, transporting and storing of the uranium and its waste is
a complicated process;

e Nuclear power stations accidents are usually a disaster.

History of Engineering Sciences (HS103)

15. Alexandria University

Electric Power Transmission

History of Engineering Sciences (HS103)

16. Alexandria University

Transmission: Why High Voltage?

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History of Engineering Sciences (HS103)

17. Alexandria University

Transmission: Types
Using High Voltage Alternating Current
(HVAC)

e The most commonly used way of electric
power transmission.

Using High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC)
e Incase of different frequency between two countries;
e It is more economical in case of long distances.

SAR 80

Converter
Station

Converter
Station

History of Engineering Sciences (HS103)

18. Alexandria University

Electric Power System
in Egypt

History of Engineering Sciences (HS103)

19. Alexandria University

Electric Power in Egypt: History

e In 1893, the Electricity was first introduced in Egypt, it was
owned and operated by private companies.

e In 1962, all these companies had been nationalized, and the
government became the owner and the operator.

e In 1964, the first ministry for electricity power was formed.

+ In 1965, the public Egyptian Corporation for Electricity has
been established; it was responsible for Generating,
Transmitting and Distributing electricity.

e In 1976, the Public Egyptian Corporation for Electricity was
converted to The Egyptian Electricity Authority (law no. 12).

History of Engineering Sciences (HS103)

20. Alexandria University

Electric Power in Egypt: History (Cont.)

e In 1978, seven distribution companies was established on a
geographical basis.

e In 1996, Law no. (100) was issued allowing the local and
foreign Investors to construct, operate and maintain electric
generation stations BOOT (Build, Own, Operate, and Transfer) .

e In 2000, Law no. (164) was issued concerning conversion of
The Egyptian Electricity Authority to a contribution company
called the Egyptian Electric Holding Company (EEHC).

e In 2001, the general association of the EEHC has agreed to
separate between the Generation Activity (5 Companies) from
the Distribution activity, and separate the High Voltage network
Activity into separate company for control and transmission.

History of Engineering Sciences (HS103)

21. Alexandria University

Ministry of Electricity and Renewable Energy

Ministry of Electricity;
an

— _—= mm
NewäßRenewable | [Nuclear Materials Atomic Energy Nuclear Power
Energy Authority Authority Authority Plants Authority

pdre 2
a =
Canal West Delta

SouthDelta Upper Egypt
SothDetta Middle Delta
FL-Behera

Midate Egypt

Upper Egypt

History of Engineering Sciences (HS103)