Lecture 2_INTRODUCTION-TO-PESTICIDES.pdf

Pesticides

3. PESTICIDES
CHEMICALS USED TO KILL OR CONTROL
PESTS (INSECTS, WEEDS, FUNGI, ETC.)

5. TYPE OF PESTICIDES
•INSECTICIDES: CONTROL INSECTS
•HERBICIDES: CONTROL WEEDS
•FUNGICIDES: CONTROL FUNGI
•BACTERICIDES: CONTROL BACTERIA
•NEMATICIDES: CONTROL NEMATODES (SOIL-DWELLING
WORMS)
•MOLLUSCICIDES: CONTROL MOLLUSKS (E.G., SNAILS AND
SLUGS)
•RODENTICIDES: CONTROL RODENTS

6. BASED ON MODE OF ACTION

7. HOW PESTICIDE WORKS
•MODE OF ACTION: DISRUPT BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES IN
PESTS
•INSECTICIDES: AFFECT NERVOUS SYSTEM OR GROWTH
•HERBICIDES: DISRUPT PLANT GROWTH OR PHOTOSYNTHESIS
•FUNGICIDES: INTERFERE WITH FUNGAL CELL WALLS OR GROWTH
•BACTERICIDES: KILL BACTERIA OR INHIBIT THEIR GROWTH
•NEMATICIDES: PARALYZE OR KILL NEMATODES
•MOLLUSCICIDES: DESTROY MOLLUSKS’ SOFT BODIES

8. STRUCTURE-BASED CLASSIFICATION OF
PESTICIDES- ORGANIC PESTICIDES
ORGANOPHOSPHATES: (E.G., MALATHION, CHLORPYRIFOS)
MODE OF ACTION: INHIBIT ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE ENZYME
CARBAMATES: (E.G., CARBARYL, METHOMYL)
MODE OF ACTION: SIMILAR TO ORGANOPHOSPHATES, INHIBIT
ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE
PYRETHROIDS: (E.G., PERMETHRIN, CYPERMETHRIN)
▪MODE OF ACTION: DISRUPT NERVE FUNCTION

9. STRUCTURE-BASED CLASSIFICATION OF
PESTICIDES- ORGANIC PESTICIDES
ORGANOPHOSPHATES: (E.G., MALATHION, CHLORPYRIFOS)
MODE OF ACTION: INHIBIT ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE ENZYME
CARBAMATES: (E.G., CARBARYL, METHOMYL)
MODE OF ACTION: SIMILAR TO ORGANOPHOSPHATES, INHIBIT
ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE
PYRETHROIDS: (E.G., PERMETHRIN, CYPERMETHRIN)
▪MODE OF ACTION: DISRUPT NERVE FUNCTION

10. STRUCTURE-BASED CLASSIFICATION OF
PESTICIDES- IN ORGANIC PESTICIDES
oCOPPER COMPOUNDS: (E.G., COPPER SULFATE,
BORDEAUX MIXTURE)
▪MODE OF ACTION: DISRUPT FUNGAL CELL
WALLS
oSULFUR: (E.G., SULFUR POWDER)
▪MODE OF ACTION: DISRUPT FUNGAL GROWTH

11. STRUCTURE-BASED CLASSIFICATION OF
PESTICIDES- BIOPESTICIDES
MICROBIAL PESTICIDES: (E.G., BACILLUS
THURINGIENSIS)
▪MODE OF ACTION: PRODUCES TOXINS THAT
KILL INSECTS
PLANT-BASED PESTICIDES: (E.G., NEEM OIL,
PYRETHRUM)
▪MODE OF ACTION: DISRUPT INSECT LIFE
CYCLES OR REPELS PESTS

14. PROBLEM ASSOCIATED WITH PESTICIDE USE

15. PROBLEM
ASSOCIATED
WITH
PESTICIDE USE
Biomagnification shows how
persistent pesticides can harm
ecosystems even long after they're
used.

16. PROBLEM
ASSOCIATED
WITH
PESTICIDE USE
This leads to a cycle of
increased pesticide use, higher
costs for farmers, and potential
harm to beneficial insects and
the environment.

17. PROBLEM
ASSOCIATED
WITH
PESTICIDE USE
This shift can force farmers to use even
more pesticides, creating a cycle of
dependency on chemicals and
potentially causing further environmental
harm.
Resurgence of minor pests
becoming major pests

18. PROBLEM ASSOCIATED WITH PESTICIDE USE

19. CHARACTERISTICS OF AN IDEAL PESTICIDES

21. THANK YOU FOR LISTENING
QUIZ