Lecture 2 - Organization of form and space

Fundamentals of Architecture Lectures

2. 1. Form, space and their organization
Lecture Contents:
1.1 Space
1.2 Spatial relationships of space
1.3 Spatial organization
1.4 Three pillars of architecture

3. Qn. What is space?

4. 1.1 Space
-Set things apart: to set things some distance apart or arrange
them with gaps between
-Interval of time: a period or interval of time
-Area set apart: an area set apart or available for use
-Three-dimensional expanse where matter exists: the
unbounded three-dimensional expanse in which all matter
exists
-PRINTINGblank area between type: a blank area between
characters, words, or lines of type, or an interval the width of a
single character

5. Architectural space
-SPACE: the dimensions of height, depth, and width within which
all things exist and move.
-Any space which has been carvedor dividedby means of
walls , enclosedby means of a roof or let semi open by a
pergola, made aesthetically appealing by using colors ,
material and geometry , made to evoke various feelings in a
human is an architectural space.

6. Enclosed space Semi -open space

7. 1.2 Spatial Relationships of space
Organization of spaces in architecture is fundamental to the
creation of composition. It brings together different forms and
shapes and provides a cohesive structureto the design.
Spaces in a building can be organized into patterns so that they
relate to one another in a specific way. Spatial relationships
between forms help define their interaction. Some common
spatial relations used in architecture include:
-Space withina Spaces
-Interlocking Spaces
-AdjacentSpaces
-Spaces Linkedby Common Spaces

8. 1.2 Cont.
An overall example:

9. Space within Space
: occurs when a small space sits within the volume of a larger
spaceso that it is perceived as an object in that space. The
smaller space could be likened to a sculptural object placed
in a gallery.

10. Interlocking Spaces
: occurs as a result from the over lapping of two volumes and the
resultant area of shares spaces. When two spaces interlock their
volumes this way, each maintains its identity as a space.

11. Adjacent Spaces
The most common and straightforward relationship two spaces
can have is as adjacent spaces. Here the spaces are located next
to each other but remain distinct, allowing separate activitiesto
take place in each one.

12. Spaces Linked by Common Space
To create a relationship where we have spaces linked by a
common space, two or more spaces are connected to one
another by an additional intermediate space that is shared by all
the spaces it serves.

13. 1.3 Spatial Organization
: basic ways we can arrange and organize the spacesof a building.
The manner in which these spaces are arranged can clarify their
relative importance and functional or symbolic role in the organization
of a building.
Each type of spatial organization is introduced by a section that
discusses the formal characteristics, spatial relationships and
contextual responses of the category.
Composition of Nine Squares:
A Bauhaus Study

14. Centralized organization
-A central, dominant space about which a number of secondary
spaces are grouped.
-A centralized organization is a stable, concentrated composition
that consists of a number of secondary spaces grouped around
a large, dominant, central space.

15. Linear Organization
-A linear sequence of repetitive spaces.
-A linear organization usuallyconsists of repetitive spaces which
are alike in size, form and function. It may also consist of a single
linear space that organizes along its length a series of spaces that
differ in size, form or function. In both cases, each space along the
sequence has an exterior exposure.

16. Radial Organization
-A central space from which linear organizations of space
extendin a radial manner.

17. Clustered Organization
-Spaces grouped by proximity or the sharing of a
commonvisual trait or relationship.
-This pattern is similar to that of a centralized organization, butit
lacksthe latter’s compactness and geometrical regularity.

18. Grid Organization
-Spaces organized within the field of a structural grid or other
three-dimensional framework.
-A grid is created by two, usually perpendicular, sets of parallel lines
which establish a regular pattern of points at their intersections.
Projected into the third dimension, the grid pattern is transformed
into a set of repetitive, modular units of space.

19. 1.3 The Three Pillars of Architecture

20. Defining Structure

22. •The primary structure
of the building
provides a framework.

26. The use of steel structures permits designers to
experiment with many architectural forms and artistic
expressions.

27. Wooden structure
-wooden parasol is able to offer innovative design of wooden building .

28. STRUCTURAL DESIGN RULES
•Loading limits
•Serviceability and deflection limits
•Ultimate limit
•design

29. Functional Architecture
•Hospital -Office
•School -Airport
•Kindergarten -Industry
•Worship place -Farm building
•Play area -Mixed use building
•Hotel -Residence
•Park -Real-estate
•Bridges, tunnels

32. BUILDING AESTHETICS
-Aesthetics is a branch of philosophy devoted to establish a base
criteria related to the appearance of specific structures.
-These regulations strike a balance between creativity and
innovation on one hand, while avoiding obtrusive, incongruous
structures on the other.

34. Maximizing Aesthetics of building
-Emphasize Human Scale
•Include Major Building Design Features
•Structural Lines Retained at Storefront Level
•Awnings and Canopies
•Massing
•Give dominance to respected spaces
•Accessory Facilities
-Avoiding Monotony of Design
-Harmony of Design
•Building colour shades
•Building Materials
•Unify Individual Storefronts
•Varying Architectural Styles

35. -Exterior: the main aspect of building, It should look inviting,
appealing, and should suit the structure type of the
town, city or area.

36. •Never use block shapes (squares, rectangles…)
•Always build the exterior first
•Try to add realistic features to your structure
•Use nature as an advantage

37. Factors affecting Aesthetics of building
-Structural elements
-Inappropriate material
-Environmental factors

38. Any Question?