Lecture 8.1- Ionic vs. Covalent

Section 8.1 lecture for Honors & Prep Chemistry

1. Ionic
bonding
Metallic
bonding
Bellwork- Ionic & Metallic Venn Diagram
Occur between
a metal and
a non-metal
Occur between
metals
Connect
two atoms

2. Noble gases don’t bond!
In nature, matter takes
many forms.
The noble gases,
including helium and
neon, are
monatomic
(means they exist
as single atoms).

3. ionic vs. covalent
Ionic compounds transfer electrons to form
ions, which are held together by their opposite
charges.

4. ionic vs. covalent
Ionic compounds transfer electrons to form
ions, which are held together by their opposite
charges.
IONIC = transfer of electrons
COVALENT = sharing of electrons

5. Cl
Covalent bonds occur between
two non-metals.
Non-metals need to gain
electrons in order to get eight
=THE OCTET RULE

6. Cl
Covalent bonds occur between
two non-metals.
Non-metals need to gain
electrons in order to get eight
=THE OCTET RULE
Cl

7. Cl
Covalent bonds occur between
two non-metals.
Non-metals need to gain
electrons in order to get eight
=THE OCTET RULE
Cl
Both get eight by sharing!

8. Cl
Covalent bonds occur between
two non-metals.
Non-metals need to gain
electrons in order to get eight
=THE OCTET RULE
Cl
Both get eight by sharing!
Cl–Cl
Covalent
bond

9. A molecule is a neutral group of
atoms joined together by covalent
bonds. Air contains oxygen molecules.
A diatomic molecule contains two
atoms. An oxygen molecule is a diatomic
molecule.

10. Using covalent
bonds, atoms can
be arranged in
different ways to
make an unlimited
variety of
molecules.

11. A compound composed of molecules is
called a molecular compound. Water and
carbon monoxide are molecular compounds.
Covalent bonding makes molecules

12. Molecular compounds tend to
have relatively lower melting
and boiling points than ionic
compounds.
They can be gases, liquids, or
solids at room temperature.

14. A molecular formula is the chemical
formula of a molecular compound.
A molecular formula
shows how many atoms of
each element a molecule
contains.

15. Ethane, a component of natural gas, is
a molecular compound. C2H6
Each ethane molecule contains
two carbon atoms and six hydrogen atoms

16. Molecular Formulas
H
2O
Type of
atom is
hydrogen
# of
atoms is
two
Type of
atom is
oxygen
If blank-
there is
only one

17. Formulas of Some Molecular Compounds

19. BOND = a force that holds groups
of atoms together
TO BOND = when two atoms
become held together

20. A bond can be an
ionic bond or covalent bond…
…or somewhere in between.

21. Let’s focus on the two extreme cases of a
completely ionic bond and a
completely covalent bond.
Then we will learn about the bonds that
are somewhere in between these two.

22. IONIC BOND COVALENT BOND
Between a metal and
a non-metal
Between 2 non-metals

23. IONIC BOND COVALENT BOND
Between a metal and
a non-metal
Between 2 non-metals
A sharing of electronsA transfer of electrons

24. IONIC BOND COVALENT BOND
Between a metal and
a non-metal
Between 2 non-metals
A sharing of electronsA transfer of electrons
Conducts electricity
when melted or
dissolved
Does not conduct
electricity

25. IONIC BOND COVALENT BOND
Between a metal and
a non-metal
Between 2 non-metals
A sharing of electronsA transfer of electrons
Conducts electricity
when melted or
dissolved
Does not conduct
electricity
Crystal solids
(made of ions)
Solid, liquid or gas
(made of molecules)

26. IONIC BOND COVALENT BOND

27. IONIC BOND COVALENT BOND
Compounds have
high boiling and
melting points
Compounds have
low boiling and
melting points

28. IONIC BOND COVALENT BOND
Compounds have
high boiling and
melting points
Compounds have
low boiling and
melting points
Many dissolve in
water. They do not
dissolve in oils.
100% covalent
molecules will dissolve
in oil, but not in water.

29. IONIC BOND COVALENT BOND

30. IONIC BOND COVALENT BOND
Compounds are
crystal lattices of
positive and
negative ions
Compounds are
distinct and separate
units called
molecules.

31. IONIC BOND COVALENT BOND
Compounds are
crystal lattices of
positive and
negative ions
Compounds are
distinct and separate
units called
molecules.
Chemical formula is
the formula unit (the
formula that repeats)
Chemical formula can
be called a molecular
formula

32. IONIC BOND COVALENT BOND
Compounds are
crystal lattices of
positive and
negative ions
Compounds are
distinct and separate
units called
molecules.
Chemical formula is
the formula unit (the
formula that repeats)
Chemical formula can
be called a molecular
formula
Inorganic
compounds are
often ionic.
Organic (biological)
molecules are covalent

33. © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Slide
of 18
1. Compared to ionic compounds, molecular
compounds tend to have relatively
a.low melting points and high boiling
points.
b.low melting points and low boiling
points.
c.high melting points and high boiling
points.
d.high melting points and low boiling
points.
8.1 Section Quiz.

34. © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Slide
of 18
1. Compared to ionic compounds, molecular
compounds tend to have relatively
a.low melting points and high boiling
points.
b.low melting points and low boiling
points.
c.high melting points and high boiling
points.
d.high melting points and low boiling
points.
8.1 Section Quiz.

35. © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Slide
of 18
2. A molecular compound usually consists of
a.two metal atoms and a nonmetal
atom.
b.two nonmetal atoms and a metal
atom.
c.two or more metal atoms.
d.two or more nonmetal atoms.
8.1 Section Quiz

36. © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Slide
of 18
2. A molecular compound usually consists of
a.two metal atoms and a nonmetal
atom.
b.two nonmetal atoms and a metal
atom.
c.two or more metal atoms.
d.two or more nonmetal atoms.
8.1 Section Quiz

37. © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Slide
of 18
8.1 Section Quiz
3. A molecular formula shows
a.how many atoms of each element a
molecule contains.
b.a molecule's structure.
c.which atoms are bonded together.
d.how atoms are arranged in space.

38. © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Slide
of 18
8.1 Section Quiz
3. A molecular formula shows
a.how many atoms of each element a
molecule contains.
b.a molecule's structure.
c.which atoms are bonded together.
d.how atoms are arranged in space.