Lecture on the food security in food science and technology

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1. Revolution in Food Security What is Food? Anything or substance that we eat or drink to maintain life or growth e.g. protein, carbohydrate, fat, and other nutrients History of Food Processing The basic necessity of mankind and all living things Early age man was hunter and gatherer (hunt the animals) Food scrutiny was just for 1-2 days. Later on he started to feed on plants and found new varieties and species of plants and animals with great variabilities. During drought, war, flood and poverty situation become critical. Man suffered famine and lack of food supply to the desire areas.

2. Food Security When all people, all the time have physical, economical access, to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet the their dietary requirements for an active and healthy life. Three dimensions of food security are Adequacy Ample access Reliability of both supply and access

3. Revolutions in Agriculture Technology Mechanization Science of Chemistry Green revolution (Biology based) Improve breeding techniques Application of science of genetics Genetic engineering Biotechnology Provide high yielding crops, resistant to adverse circumstances Help by plants and animals breeders to the poor farmers. Catastrophic famine in Asia 1960s-1970s

4. Need of Food Security? Rapid growing papulation Need improved technologies More food Improved quality Harmless food for human as well as for environment Used of natural resources in proper way Agricultural biotechnological techniques intellectual property rights Patents registration

5. Good and Poor Nutrition Good Nutrition depends on the Proper access to food Care Health and sanitation services Poor Nutrition cause problems for health Violate the rules and individual’s human rights Cause untold suffering Million of people in developing countries suffer in lack of Calories Proteins Micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) Illness Physical and mental problems In these countries staple food used as a diet and not processed well.

6. Developed countries have accurate diet standards Easy access to health care Fortified food Supplemented wit vitamins Food processing make it more nutritious in these countries Need revolution in the agriculture industries Boost agriculture production Produce more and nourishing food Need of good techniques and methods For safe delivery of food Nutritious and wholesome food Need to stop the wastage of food Wastage of fruits and vegetable are 40% Wastage of cereals and legumes are more than 20%

7. Cause of disease and decay? 1860s Louis Pasteur discovered that microorganisms are the main cause of disease and food decay. This discovery birth new revolution in the era of food processing New techniques discovered Supply food to the distance areas Supply food to the non-producing areas Supply food to the famine areas and other places where it needed Supply food in deepest sea and highest mountains Able man to travel in space as well as other planets Prevent starvation in low harvest areas No hungry soul on earth

8. Louis Pasteur discovery Early days applied on wines and milk Later on other foods such as canning discover by Nicolas Appert (the father of canning) Now a days applied on all kinds of foods one form to another It initiate the discovery of new techniques Pasteurization (high temperature) Canning Low temperature (drying , dehydration, evaporation, binding of moisture)

9. Other than Louis Pasteur discovery Microorganisms are controlled by different discovered chemicals called preservatives Fermentation (use microbes to produce new foods) Used of radiations (to extend the shelf-life by killing microbes) Packaging materials

10. Need of future Improve the present techniques Food distribution in fare way