LEGAL REPORT(philippines Education system)

in legal basis in the philippines

1. Rights of Administrators Section 12 — School administrators shall, in accordance with existing laws, regulations and policies of the Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports, be accorded sufficient administrative discretion necessary for the efficient and effective performance of their functions. School administrators shall be deemed persons in authority while in the lawful discharge of their duties and responsibilities…. Shall be accorded due respect and protection (Commonwealth Act No. 578)

2. Rights of Schools SEC. 13. SCHOOL  - is an educational institution, private and public, undertaking educational operation with a specificage-group of pupils or students pursuing defined studies at defined levels, receiving instruction from teachers,usually located in a building or a group of buildings in a particular physical or cyber site.

3. Rights of Schools SEC. 13. The right of their governing boards…….to adopt and enforce administrative or management systems. 2. The right of institutions of higher learning to determine on academic grounds who shall be admitted to study, who may teach, and who shall be the subjects of the study and research.

4. Voluntary Accreditation (Section 29) 2.Teachers and Administrators obligations and qualification (Sections 176 and 17) 3. Government Financial Assistance to Private Schools (Section 41) Maintenance of Quality Education

5. What is voluntary accreditation? Voluntary accreditation is a concept of self regulation which focuses on self-study and evaluation and on the continuing improvement of educational quality. It is both process and result. -As a process , it is a form of peer review in which an association of schools and colleges establishes sets of criteria and procedures. -As a result , it is a form of certification granted by a recognized and authorized accrediting agency.

6. Teachers obligations Perform his duties to the school by discharging his responsibilities in accordance with the philosophy, goals and objectives of the school. Be accountable for the efficient and effective attainment of specified learning objectives in pursuance of national development goals within the limits of available school resources. Render regular reports on performance of each student and to the latter and the latter's parents or guardians with specific suggestions for improvement. Assume the responsibility to maintain and sustain his professional growth and advancement and maintain professionalism in his behavior at all times. Refrain from making deductions in students' scholastic ratings for acts that are clearly not manifestations of poor scholarship. Participate as an agent of constructive social, economic, moral, intellectual, cultural and political change in his school and the community within the context of national policies.

7. Administrators obligations Perform his duties to the school by discharging his responsibilities in accordance with the philosophy, goals and objectives of the school. Be accountable for the efficient and effective administration and management of the school. Develop and maintain a healthy school atmosphere conducive to the promotion and preservation of academe freedom and effective teaching and learning, and to harmonious and progressive school-personnel relationship. Assume and maintain professional behavior in his work and in dealing with students, teachers, academic non-teaching personnel, administrative staff, and parents or guardians. Render adequate reports to teachers, academic non-teaching personnel and non-academic staff on their actual performance in relation to their expected performance and counsel them on ways of improving the same. Observe due process, fairness, promptness, privacy, constructiveness and consistency in disciplining his teachers and other personnel. Maintain adequate records and submit required reports to the Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports.

8. Government Financial Assistance to Private Schools (Section 41) SEC. 41.  Government Assistance .—The government, in recognition of their complementary role in the educational system, may provide aid to the programs of private schools in the form of grants or scholarships, or loans from government financial institutions:  Provided , That such programs meet certain defined educational requirements and standards and contribute to the attainment of national development goals. SEC. 42.  Tuition and Other School Fees .—Each private school shall determine its rate of tuition and other school fees or charges. The rates and charges adopted by schools pursuant to this provision shall be collectible, and their application or use authorized, subject to rules and regulations promulgated by the Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports.

9. Other legal bases 1 . Act No. 74 This law was enacted on January 21, 1901 by the Philippine Commission, and provided: a. establishment of the Department of Public Instruction headed by the General superintendent. b. the archipelago was divided into school divisions and districts for effective management of the school system. c. English was made as medium of instruction in all levels of schooling d. optional religious instructions in all schools (Section 16) e. establishment of a Trade school in Manila (Philippine College of Arts and Trade- PCAT now known as Technological University of the Philippines), a school of Agriculture in Negros, a Normal school in Manila (Philippine Normal School) (Section 18) Philippine Normal School, however, was renamed Philippine Normal College (PNC) by virtue of Republic Act No. 416 on June 18, 1949. And on December 26, 1991, the PNC was converted to Philippine Normal University as provided by Republic Act No. 7168.

10. 2. Act No. 2706 This was known as the “Private School Law”, enacted on March 10, 1917 by the Philippine Legislature, which made obligatory the recognition and inspection of private schools and colleges by the Secretary of Public Instruction so as to maintain a standard of efficiency in all private schools and colleges in the country. The Secretary of Public Instruction was vested with power to “supervise, inspect and regulate said schools and colleges in order to determine the efficiency of instruction given in the same.” And all private schools come under the supervision and regulation of the Secretary of DPI, thus eliminating “diploma mills” and substandard schools.

11. 3. Commonwealth Act No. 1 (Amended by R.A. 9163) Known as the “National Defense Act” passed by the Philippine Assembly on December 21, 1935, which provided in Section 81 that: “Preparatory Military training shall be given with the youth in the elementary grade school at the age of ten years and shall extend through the remainder of his schooling into college or post-secondary education. By virtue of Presidential Decree 1706, issued by the late President Marcos on August 8, 1980, otherwise known as the “National Service Law”, Commonwealth Act No. 1 was amended, and required all citizens to render, civic welfare service, law enforcement service and military service.

12. 4. Commonwealth Act No. 80 This law created the Office of Adult Education on October 26, 1936, so as to eliminate illiteracy and to give vocational and citizenship training to adult citizens of the country. 5. Commonwealth Act No. 578 Enacted on June 8, 1940, conferred the status of “persons in authority” upon the teachers, professors, and persons with the supervision of public or duly recognized private schools, colleges and universities. This Act also provided a penalty of imprisonment ranging from six months and one day to six years and a fine ranging from 500 to 1, 000 pesos upon any person found guilty of assault upon those teaching personnel.

13. 6. Commonwealth Act No. 586 (Repealed by R.A. 896) This is known as   Education  Act of 1940. It was approved on August 7, 1940 by the Philippine Assembly. The law provided for the following: a. reduction of seven- year elementary course to six- year elementary course. b. fixing the school entrance age to seven. c. national support of elementary education. d. compulsory attendance in the primary grades for all children who enroll in Grade I. e. introduction of double- single session- one class in the morning and another in the afternoon under one teacher to accommodate more children.

14. 7. Commonwealth Act No. 589 This law, approved on August 19, 1940, established a school ritual in all public and private elementary and secondary schools in the Philippines. The ritual consists of solemn and patriotic ceremonies that include the singing of the National Anthem and Patriotic Pledges. 8. Republic Act No. 139 (Repealed by R. A. 8047 Enacted on June 14, 1947, and the Board of Textbooks. This law provided that all public schools must only use books that are approved by the Board for a period of six years from the date of their adoption. The private schools may use books of their choice, provided the Board of Textbooks has no objections with those books.

15. 9. Republic Act No. 896 Enacted on June 20, 1953 and known as the Elementary  Education Act of 1953, it repealed Commonwealth Act 586 and provided for the following: a. restoration of Grade VII (but never implemented due to lack of funds) b. abolition of the double- single session and return to the former practice of only one c. class under one teacher in the primary and three teachers to two classes or five teachers to three classes in the intermediate level d. compulsory completion of the elementary grades e. compulsory enrollment of children in the public schools upon attaining seven years of age.

16. 10. Republic Act No. 1124 (Repealed by R. A. 7722) Approved on June 16, 1954, this law created the Board of National Education charged with the duty of formulating general educational policies and directing the educational interests of the nation. However, this Board which was later renamed National Board of Education (P.D. No. 1), was abolished bu virtue of the Creation of the board of Higher Education as stipulated in Batas Pambansa Blg. 232. The Board’s function is now assumed by the commission on Higher Education or CHED by virtue of Republic Act No. 7722.

17. 11. Republic Act No. 1265 (amended by R. A. 8491) This law was approved on June 11, 1955, and provided that a daily flag ceremony shall be compulsory in all educational institutions. This includes the singing of the Philippine National Anthem. 12. Republic Act No. 1425 It was approved on June 12, 1956, it prescribed the inclusion in the curricula of all schools, both public and private, from elementary schools to the universities, the life, works and writings of Jose Rizal especially the Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo.

18. 13. Republic Act No. 4670 Known as the “Magna Carta for Public School Teachers”. This was approved on June 18, 1966 to promote and improve the social and economic status of public school teachers, their living and working conditions, their employment and career prospects. It also provided the following: Recruitment qualifications for teachers Code of Professional Conduct for Teachers Teaching hours- 6 hours of classroom teaching (maximum load) Additional compensation- 25% of the regular remuneration Health and injury benefits (thru the GSIS) One year study leave (sabbatical leave) after seven years of continuous teaching, the teacher should receive 60% of the monthly salary. One range salary increase upon retirement (basis computing the retirement fee). Freedom to form organizations.

19. 14. Republic Act No. 1079 Approved on June 15, 1959, it provided that Civil Service eligibility shall be permanent and shall have no time limit. 15. Republic Act No. 6655 Known as the  “Free Public Secondary  Education Act of 1988” , it was approved on May 26, 1988 and provided for: a. Free public secondary education to all qualified citizens and promote quality education at all level. b. No tuition or other fees shall be collected except fees related to membership in the school community such I.D., student organization and publication. c. Non- payment of these shall not hinder a student from enrollment or graduation. d. Nationalization of all public secondary schools ( Section 7) e. A student who fails in majority of his academic subjects for two consecutive years could no longer avail of their program.

20. THAT’S ALL THANK YOU!