Lesson 1 - Arguments in Manifestoes.pptx

Module 2 Stand on Issues Supported by Factual Evidences

1. Arguments in Manifestoes Quarter 2 – Module 1

2. Objective: After finishing this module, you are expected to: Analyze the arguments used by the writer/s in manifestoes (CS_EN11/12A-EAPPIIa-d-3) 9/4/20XX Presentation Title 2

3. Fact of Bluff ______1. An argument is merely an opinion. ______2. An argument is a claim contended as true. ______3. An argument must be supported with reasoning. ______4. An argument means conflict or fight. ______5. An argument does not have single winner or loser. 9/4/20XX Presentation Title 3

4. Position Paper A position paper is a document which contains statements about a one-sided arguable opinion on a certain subject or issue. It is sometimes called a point of view paper since it presents your claims provided with rationale and valid evidences. It is a debate in written form with the goal of convincing your audience to your belief or judgment. 9/4/20XX Presentation Title 4

5. Manifesto Manifesto is defined as a written statement declaring publicly the intentions, motives, or views of its issuer. (Merriam-Webster Dictionary) 9/4/20XX Presentation Title 5

6. Argument An argument is a set of ideas put together to prove a point. It is different from the “real world’ meaning where an argument denotes “fight” or “conflict”. Analyzing an argument means breaking it down into its components in order to determine whether or not it is strong or weak, effective or not 9/4/20XX Presentation Title 6

7. Argument A writer’s argument is a group of statements or reasons used to persuade the readers that what he/she believes is true. It may cause the audience to act differently or change mind completely. 9/4/20XX Presentation Title 7

8. Parts of Argument Claim/Conclusion - It summarizes the main idea. It is not just your opinion. It is what you think is true about a topic. Reasons/Premises - It is the importance of your claim. It includes the evidences that comes in various forms, including specific examples quotes and ideas from other scholars, statistics, data, testimonies, narratives and facts. 9/4/20XX 8

9. Ways to Present an Argument There are three major ways that authors present an argument: • Reasoning – giving logical explanation of the argument. • Evidence – presenting statistics, facts, and studies • Appeal – stimulate the reader's emotions 9/4/20XX 9

10. Types of Arguments Deductive Arguments- proceeds from general ideas/facts to specific inferences. Example: Premise 1: All men are mortal (major premise/very general statement) Premise 2: Railey is a man. (minor premise/more specific) Conclusion: Railey is a mortal. (very specific statement) 9/4/20XX 10

11. Types of Arguments Inductive Arguments -derives from specific observations lead to a general conclusion Example: Premise: The past Marvel movies have been incredibly successful at the box office. Conclusion: Therefore, the next Marvel movie will probably be successful. 9/4/20XX 11

12. Identifying the Arguments When reading, you need to identify the arguments to understand the main points. In paragraphs, a topic sentence identifies the main claim or main idea. To find it, follow these steps: Read the paragraph Ask, “What is the paragraph about? 9/4/20XX 12

13. Identifying the Arguments 3. Summarize the content in your own words 4. Find the sentence within the paragraph that best matches the summary. This is the stated claim of the paragraph 9/4/20XX 13

14. Example: Follow the four-step process to determine the stated claim. The story of Disney's "The Lion King" draws direct inspiration from Shakespeare's "Hamlet". Simba represents Hamlet, the successor of the King/Mufasa, who swears revenge on his evil uncle Scar/Claudius. Likewise, Simba's best friend Nala represents both Ophelia, a love interest, and Horatio, a best friend. 9/4/20XX 14

15. Analyzing the Arguments In order to begin analyzing an argument, you must first look at the evidence presented to you, then ask questions based on that evidence. Ask questions like: • "Based on the evidence, is there a different explanation or claim possible?" • "Is the evidence convincing and sound?" • "How does the argument/evidence compare with others you've read?" 9/4/20XX 15

16. Example: Every citizen should have access to a free, universal health care system. This would allow medical professionals to concentrate on healing their patients rather than dealing with insurance procedures and liability concerns. Each person has a right to be cared for and having access to free medical services provides patients with the opportunity for regular checkups when otherwise they may not be able to afford them. 9/4/20XX 16

17. Example: Universal health care is an impractical system where total costs end up being much higher compared to privatized care. Doctor flexibility is decreased due to government policy and those that are healthy are forced to subsidize the health benefits for smokers and those that are obese. Everyone should be given access to health care, but not in a publically -controlled system. 9/4/20XX 17

18. Performance Task: Read the given manifesto entitled “Is Bad Language Unacceptable on TV?’’. Classify the different positions in the article regarding the acceptability of bad language on T.V. 9/4/20XX 18 Positive Negative Neutral

19. Performance Task: Read the given manifesto entitled “Is Bad Language Unacceptable on TV?’’. Classify the different positions in the article regarding the acceptability of bad language on T.V. Summarize the positive, negative, and neutral statements. 9/4/20XX 19

20. Write A if the following is an example of an argument and N if it is not. Justine is angry with me, so she probably won’t accompany me to the party. Are you serious? Stop doing that! Animal abuse laws in most countries are so lenient that offenders face almost no punishment, so stronger, stricter law must be imposed to protect animals. As generation of students enter college, it is time for higher education to use gaming to appeal to students and make learning more engaging. First, I watched Netflix, and then I ate lunch. At noon, I decided to go out with my friends. I missed them. 20

21. Write A if the following is an example of an argument and N if it is not. 6. Divorce should be legalized in our country. There are many women suffering from abusive relationship. 7. Elena showed me her artwork, and I was very surprised to see how talented she is. 8. Obesity has become a problem of many women because obesity rates have risen over the past years. 9. If the floor wasn’t slippery, she wouldn’t have fallen into an accident. 10. Here you go again. Please, stop complaining. 21

22. Thank you Presenter name Email address Website 9/4/20XX Presentation Title 22