LESSON 1 Introduction to Philosophy.pptx

Lesson 1 Introduction to Philosophy of the Human Person

1. Introduction to the philosophy of the human person

2. What is PHILOSOPHY?

3. Philosophy Comes from the Greek words: philos (LOVE) and sophia (WISDOM). is the study of general and fundamental questions about existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language.

4. Philosophy Way of thinking about the world, the universe, and society. It works with basic questions

5. Philosophy The study of humans and the world by thinking and asking questions. it tries to answer important questions by coming up with answers about real things and asking “why?”

6. Let’s have a game! Name me!

7. socrates - He was considered the foremost philosophers of ancient times.

8. PLATO A student of Socrates Famous quote: “True knowledge exists in knowing that you know nothing”

9. aristotle - He was a prominent student of Plato.

10. pythagoras - A mathematician and scientist.

11. GROUP ACTIVITY! Let’s divide the class into 2 groups!

12. EPICURUS DEMOCRITUS

13. HERACLITUS Diogenes of Sinope

14. Guide question: What are their contributions to philosophy?

15. Presentation of outputs!

16. Notable Philosophers

17. socrates He had a profound influence on philosophy and believed it could achieve practical results for the greater good of society in everyday life. He firmly believed that human choice was motivated by the desire for happiness and encouraged people to critically question everything. 470 BCE TO 399 BCE

18. socrates His greatest contribution to philosophy was the Socratic Method in which discussion, argument, and dialogue are used to discern the truth.

19. socrates Famous quote: “True knowledge exists in knowing that you know nothing”

20. plato He was the founder of the Platonist school of thought and of the Academy – the first institution of higher learning in the world in Athens. 427 BCE TO 347 BCE

21. plato - He believed that the soul had three functions – reason, emotion, and desire.  - Plato wrote one of the first and most influential works on politics,  The Republic   in which he described an ideal or Utopian society. Like his mentor Socrates, Plato was a strong critic of democracy.

22. plato Famous quote: “Thinking – the talking of the soul with itself”

23. aristotle - O ne of the greatest ancient philosophers. He studied many subjects including science, government, physics, and politics, and wrote on all of them. He was the first to develop a formal way of reasoning – known as the field of formal logic. 384 BCE TO 322 BCE

24. aristotle Famous quote: “One swallow does not make a summer, neither does one fine day; similarly one day or brief time of happiness does not make a person entirely happy.”

25. pythagoras He is best known for his Pythagoras theorem which remains one of the most important calculations in geometry and is based on right-angled triangles. The theorem is still used in the construction industry. 570 BCE TO 495 BCE

26. pythagoras He started a group of mathematicians called Pythagoreans who worshipped numbers and calculations and lived like monks. He is credited with the discovery that the earth is round and the existence of the planet of Venus, plus the fact that there are both morning and evening stars.

27. pythagoras Pythagoras’ philosophies  included his belief in immortality and reincarnation and that all living things should behave humanely to each other.  He believed in numbers and said that they cleared the mind making it possible to truly understand reality.

28. pythagoras Famous quote: ‘Do not say a little in many words, but a great deal in a few’

29. epicurus - He believed that humans had no control over their fate and did not believe in the gods, he also believed that the universe was infinite. He firmly believed that the greatest fear for man was that of dying.  - He wrote hundreds of works, but none of them have survived. 341 BCE TO 270 BCE

30. epicurus Famous quote: ‘The greater the difficulty, the more glory in surmounting it’

31. democritus He was an influential Ancient Greek philosopher who had the nickname ‘ the laughing philosopher’   because he always emphasized happiness. With his teacher, Leucippus, he developed the idea of the ‘ atom’  which comes from the Greek word meaning  ‘indivisible’ . 460 BCE TO 370 BCE

32. democritus He firmly believed that everything was made up of atoms and that there were an infinite number of atoms that were all microscopic and indestructible.

33. democritus He believed that the human soul was made from a fire atom and that thought was caused by the movement of atoms. Many consider him to be the  “father of modern science”.   Democritus believed in the justice theory and that people should take up arms to defend themselves.

34. democritus Famous quote: ‘Happiness resides not in possessions and not in gold, happiness dwells in the soul’

35. heraclitus He proposed that everything that exists is based on higher order or plan which he called logos. 535 BCE TO 475 BCE

36. heraclitus Heraclitus's contribution to the development of a language for philosophy may be considered under three headings: his innovations in the use of terms or single words, his sentence-structure and syntax, and his use of puns, paradoxes and comparisons. 535 BCE TO 475 BCE

37. heraclitus Famous quote: “The Only Thing That Is Constant Is Change” 535 BCE TO 475 BCE

38. Diogenes of sinope Diogenes practiced Cynic values. Cynics believed that the main goal of life was eudaemonia or mental clarity. This could only be achieved by living in accordance with nature and embracing ascetic practices. Cynics were also strongly opposed to social conventions such as laws and customs. 412 BCE TO 323 BCE

39. Diogenes of sinope He was a known advocate of living simple and virtuous life. 412 BCE TO 323 BCE 412 BCE TO 323 BCE

40. Assessment/assignment! (1 WHOLE SHEET OF PAPER) What is your philosophy in life?

41. A personal philosophy is  a set of beliefs, values, and principles that guide an individual's behavior . It encompasses everything from how a person views the world and their place in it, to what they believe is important in life, and what they consider to be right or wrong.