Lesson 2 - Causes of the First World War.pptx

causes of WW1

1. Causes of the First World War Understanding the First World War October 1, 2025

2. Introduction to the Causes of the First World War Understanding the complex factors that led to one of history's most significant conflicts

3. The First World War, fought from 1914 to 1918, reshaped global politics and societies. Its devastating impact and the collapse of empires led to significant changes in borders and ideologies. Understanding its causes is crucial for grasping the complexities of modern conflicts and international relations. The Historical Significance of the First World War

4. Political and Economic Context

5. Economic Factors Contributing to the Outbreak of War An overview of the industrial competition, trade rivalries, and imperial ambitions in Europe before 1914 Industrial Competition : Nations raced to develop advanced technologies, boosting production and military capabilities. Trade Rivalries : Economic tensions arose as countries sought to dominate global markets and resources. Imperial Ambitions : The quest for colonies intensified rivalries, leading to conflicts over territories and influence. Economic Alliances : Economic dependencies influenced political alliances, complicating diplomatic relations between nations. Social Unrest : Economic disparities fueled social tensions, leading to political instability and calls for change.

6. Key Personalities Shaping the Prelude to War Influential leaders whose ambitions and decisions contributed to the tensions before the First World War

7. Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary and Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany were pivotal figures in the pre-war landscape. Their decisions and ambitions significantly contributed to the escalating tensions in Europe. Ferdinand's assassination in 1914 was a catalyst for the war, while Wilhelm's militaristic policies further inflamed hostilities among nations. Key Figures: Archduke Franz Ferdinand and Kaiser Wilhelm II

8. Underlying Causes: Nationalism and Militarism Exploring the Root Causes of the First World War Nationalism: Ethnic Pride and Independence Nationalism fueled tensions in Europe, particularly in the Balkans, where various ethnic groups sought independence from larger empires. This rise in nationalistic fervor pressured governments to assert dominance and defend their territorial claims, creating an environment ripe for conflict. Militarism: Glorification of Military Power The arms race characterized the pre-war period, as nations expanded their armies and navies to showcase power. This militaristic mindset led to an increased influence of military leaders in government decisions, ultimately contributing to the escalating tensions that precipitated World War I.

9. Underlying Causes: Alliances and Imperialism Exploring the Root Causes of the First World War Alliances: Mutual Defense Agreements The complex web of alliances in Europe created a precarious balance of power. The Triple Entente and Triple Alliance formed mutual defense agreements, leading nations to support each other in the event of conflict. This interconnectedness made the outbreak of war more likely, as a local dispute could trigger a larger confrontation. Imperialism: Competition for Global Colonies The race for colonies fueled tensions among European powers, as nations sought to expand their empires and assert dominance. Conflicts over territories in Africa and Asia heightened rivalries, with countries increasingly willing to resort to military action to protect and expand their imperial interests, contributing to the war's onset.

10. Timeline of Events Leading to War Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand On June 28, 1914, Archduke Franz Ferdinand was assassinated in Sarajevo, igniting tensions in Europe. July Crisis: Diplomatic Failures The July Crisis saw failed diplomatic efforts and ultimatums between Austria-Hungary and Serbia, escalating tensions further. Declarations of War: Military Mobilization Following mobilizations, declarations of war ensued from July 28, 1914, as alliances were activated, leading to widespread conflict.

11. Activity – Reflection Was the war caused more by long-term tensions or by the assassination itself? 2) What do you think was the most important cause of WW1 and why?